The Social Reckoning yana buɗewa a gidajen sinima wannan Juma'a, amma duniyar gaske ta riga ta samar da wani ci gaba—ko kuma, wani sashi na uku. Wanda Aaron Sorkin ya jagoranta, fim ɗin ya biyo bayan The Social Network kuma ya ci gaba da labarin Mark Zuckerberg da daular kafofin watsa labarai na zamantakewa, yana mai da hankali musamman kan Frances Haugen, ma'aikaciyar da a cikin 2021 ta fallasa takardun ciki da ke nuna Facebook ta san illar da kayayyakinta ke haifarwa.
Ba ɓarna ba ne a ce fim ɗin ya ƙare da Haugen tana ba da shaida a gaban Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2021. A wannan rana, Arturo Béjar, mai ba da shawara a ƙungiyar jin daɗin Instagram (Instagram ma mallakar Facebook ne), ya aika da wata wasiƙa da ta daɗe tana jira zuwa ga Zuckerberg da sauran manyan shugabannin Facebook game da irin wannan batu. "Ina so in ja hankalinku ga abin da na yi imani babban gibi ne a yadda mu a matsayin kamfani muke tunkarar illa, da kuma yadda mutanen da muke yi wa hidima suke fuskantarta," Béjar ya rubuta, kafin ya bayyana ƙididdiga masu ban tsoro daga binciken ƙungiyarsa. Misali, kashi 24.4% na yara masu shekaru 13 zuwa 15 a Instagram sun ce sun sami cin zarafi maras so, kuma kashi 21.8% sun ce an zalunce su a dandalin a cikin kwanaki bakwai da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 51% na masu amfani da Instagram sun ce sun sami mummunan ko cutarwa a cikin kwanaki bakwai da suka gabata. Kashi 1% ne kawai suka ba da rahoto, kuma daga cikinsu, kashi 2% ne aka cire abun ciki—kashi 0.02% kawai. Wannan ya fi illar da ma'aunin kamfanin da ake da su ya nuna nesa ba kusa ba. Zuckerberg bai taɓa amsa ba.
A lokacin, Béjar ya yi aiki a Facebook (wanda ya sake suna Meta daga baya a wannan watan) tsawon shekaru takwas gaba ɗaya. Ya koyi yadda ake sadarwa da Zuckerberg. "Ba za ka iya magana da Mark game da, 'Dole mu yi wannan abu don hana kashe kai saboda daidai ne a yi shi,'" in ji shi. "Dole ne ka sanya komai cikin ma'auni. Harshensa ke nan. Haka yake danganta da abubuwa, wanda kuma shi ne ke bayan duk baƙin cikin da ke cikin duniya a yanzu."
Duba hoto a cikakken alloJeremy Strong a matsayin Mark Zuckerberg a The Social Reckoning. Hoto: Everett Collection/Alamy
Béjar ya ga The Social Reckoning, kuma ya gane yadda Jeremy Strong ya nuna Zuckerberg a matsayin mai nisantar jama'a, marar daɗi, marar barkwanci, mai son iko sosai. "Oh, daidai ne," in ji shi. "Ba na tunawa ya taɓa nuna tausayi ga illar da wani ke fuskanta da kuma son gyara hakan … Abin da kawai ya kasance a fili a duk mu'amalata da shi shi ne nasara. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka fi ƙarfin gasa da na sani."
Wani lokaci, Béjar ya tuna, shi da Zuckerberg suna tafiya tare bayan wani taro mai cike da tashin hankali. "Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da na saba faɗa idan munanan abubuwa ke faruwa shi ne, 'Shin muna jin daɗi ne har yanzu?' Kawai a matsayin ɗan barkwanci na kwantar da hankali," in ji Béjar. "Sai ya dube ni, da tsanani sosai, ya ce, 'Ba na nan don jin daɗi—ina nan don tasiri.' Wannan ne abin da na sha fuskanta da shi, akai-akai."
An bayyana: littafin ƙa'idodin ciki na Facebook kan jima'i, ta'addanci da tashin hankaliKaranta ƙari
Wannan wasiƙar ta 2021 ita ce farkon ƙarshen Béjar. Har yanzu yana fatan Zuckerberg zai amsa roƙonsa na ƙirƙirar "canjin al'ada" a yadda Instagram ke tunkarar kare matasan masu amfani da shi. Washegari, duk da haka, Zuckerberg ya fitar da sanarwa ga ma'aikatan Facebook game da shaidar Haugen da kuma fallasa "Facebook Files" da Wall Street Journal da wasu ke rahoto. "A zuciyar waɗannan zarge-zargen akwai wannan ra'ayin cewa muna fifita riba kan aminci da jin daɗi. Wannan ba gaskiya ba ne," Zuckerberg ya rubuta. Amma a lokacin Béjar ya san gaskiya ce.
A shekara ta 2023, Béjar yana bin sawun Haugen kuma yana ba da shaida ga Majalisar Dattijan Amurka da kansa. Ya ba da shaida a ƙarƙashin rantsuwa a kan Meta aƙalla sau bakwai tun daga lokacin, a lissafinsa, a shari'o'i da sauraro daban-daban. Mafi yawanciA watan Agusta, an yi wata babbar shari'a a California, wadda manyan lauyoyin jihohi 29 na Amurka suka kawo. Ta kasance mai muhimmanci kuma mai nisa, tana zargin sake cewa Meta ta san da gangan ta ƙera kayayyakin da suke jaraba kuma suna cutar da yara ƙanana. A cikin shaidarsa, Béjar ya bayyana: "Ba za ka iya amincewa da Mark Zuckerberg da yara ba."
Frances Haugen, tsohuwar ma'aikaciyar Facebook da ta ba da shaida a kan kamfanin a kotu, an nuna hotonta.
A fannoni da yawa, Béjar shi ne mafi kyawun shaida: mai gaskiya, mai kwanciyar hankali a maganarsa, mai hankali a tunani, mai iya bayyana ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa cikin hanyoyin da za a iya fahimta, kuma yana ɗauke da ilimi mai yawa daga ciki. Da alama shi kishiyar Zuckerberg ne. Wani lokaci yayin tattaunawarmu, yayin da muke zaune a wajen wani gidan shayi a arewacin London, dole ya tsaya a tsakiyar jimla, idanunsa cike da hawaye. Yakan ba da haƙuri daga baya don jin motsin rai, amma da alama wannan shi ne ainihin abin da waɗannan batutuwa ke buƙata.
Akwai wani dalili kuma da ya sa Béjar ya kasance mai magana mai ƙarfi: yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da batutuwan ta hanyar 'yarsa matashiya. Lokacin da take ƙarama, kusan 2018, ta gaya masa cewa tana yawan samun kalamai na nuna wariyar jinsi da hotunan tsiraici marasa nema daga maza ta hanyar asusunta na Instagram. Abokanta mata suna fuskantar irin wannan. Ba wani amfani ba ne a ba da rahoto, ta gaya masa, domin ba ya haifar da wani mataki mai ma'ana. Masu sharhi ana iya toshe su—bayan haka kawai za su buɗe sabon asusu da wani suna—ko kuma Instagram za ta yanke shawarar cewa halin bai saba wa manufofinsu ba.
Har zuwa wannan lokacin, kamar yawancin ma'aikatan Facebook na farko, Béjar ya yi imani yana sa duniya ta zama wuri mafi kyau. Lokacin da ya fara a 2009, kamfanin yana bunƙasa kuma akidar kyakkyawan fata tana yaɗuwa. "Alkawarin shi ne, za mu ƙirƙiri wani abu da zai sa ka kasance kusa da abokanka. Ina tsammanin mutane da yawa a lokacin sun yi imani da hakan. Kuma ba abin da suka gina ba ne."
An nuna hoton Béjar.
Béjar, mai shekaru 55, ya kasance mai sha'awar fasaha tun farko. An haife shi a Mexico City ga mahaifin likita da mahaifiyar mai fasaha, ya koyi coding da kansa kuma ya sami aiki da IBM yana ɗan shekaru 15. Ya zo Silicon Valley a 1993 bayan wani lokaci a London, kuma ya yi aiki a Yahoo tsawon shekaru 11 kafin ya shiga Facebook.
A matsayin babban jagora a fannin injiniya da samfuri a Facebook, Béjar yana da alhakin tsaro amma kuma kula da abokan ciniki: "ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da ke taimaka wa mutane su koyi zama tare a kan layi"—musamman matasa. Misali, ya ƙirƙiri wata hanya mai zurfi ga matasa don ba da rahoton abun ciki da ba su so. Idan maɓallin a Facebook ya ce "report," matasa ba sa amfani da shi, amma idan an canza shi zuwa "Ba na son ganin wannan," sau uku matasa za su danna shi. Kuma idan za ka iya kimanta ƙarfin wannan ji, daga "ɗan ban haushi" zuwa "mummunan gaske," hakan yana sauƙaƙa magance matsaloli.
"Yawancin mutanen da suke yin tashin hankali a kan layi, idan ka ba su amsa ta sirri, cikin girmamawa, sai su ce, 'Oh yi haƙuri, ban yi niyya ba,'" in ji Béjar. "Kuma haka muke aiki a matsayin al'umma, ko?" Ya nuna titin masu tafiya da ke kewaye da mu; mutane suna tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali. "Abin da ke sa wannan titi ya yi kyau ba wai 'yan sanda ne a ko'ina suna tilasta halinmu ba, sai dai muna da duk waɗannan hanyoyin nuna wa juna yadda ake samun aminci, ko da yake kana iya samun mabambantan dabi'u." Ya gina fiye da dozin samfuran Facebook a kan wannan tushe, in ji shi, tare da sakamako mai ban mamaki. "A zahiri, rabin mutane suna canza halinsu a karon farko da ka ce, 'Eh, ba mu yin haka a nan.'"
Ya bar kamfanin cikin kwanciyar hankali a 2015 saboda yana cikin saki kuma yana son ƙara lokaci da ƙaramin ɗansa da 'yarsa. A lokacin da ya gano game da 'yarsa kumada kuma ya biya dala miliyan 942 (£ miliyan 713.7) a matsayin tara da diyya. Akwai wasu shari'o'i da dama da ke kan hanya. Dokokin gwamnati suna ƙara tsananta a duk duniya. Wataƙila ruwa yana juyawa.
Idan haka ne, zai kawo ɗan sauƙi ga Béjar. Ya shafe yawancin shekaru uku da suka gabata yana yaƙin neman zaɓe, ba da shaida, da tattaunawa da gwamnatoci, malamai, da masu kula. Yana da bukatu fiye da duniyar fasaha. Har yayin da yake barin Meta, yana rubuta libretto don haɗin gwiwar kiɗa da mawaƙi Philip Glass. Yana rubuta opera bisa ka'idar Charles Darwin game da motsin rai a cikin dabbobi tare da mawaƙin Burtaniya Jocelyn Pook. 'Yarsa, a madadin haka, yanzu tana samun kuɗi daga gyaran motocin wasanni na gargajiya.
Har yanzu akwai aikin da za a yi. Abin da ake buƙata da gaske, in ji Béjar, shi ne kimantawa mai zaman kansa da kwatanta amincin shafukan sada zumunta—kamar yadda muke lura da, a ce, hayaƙin motoci. "Kowane iyaye da kowane yaro sun cancanci sanin: menene yiwuwar cewa wannan mummunan abu zai faru da kai a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ayyukan?" Amma a ƙarshe yana jin kamar abubuwa suna tafiya a wannan hanya, in ji shi. "Farkon ne kawai har yanzu, amma ina jin bege."
Kuna da ra'ayi kan batutuwan da aka tada a wannan labarin? Idan kuna son aika amsa mai kalmomi har 300 ta imel don a yi la'akari da ita don bugawa a sashen wasiƙunmu, don Allah danna nan.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da barin Arturo Béjar daga Meta da shawararsa ta zama mai fallasa
Tambayoyin Farko
Q Wanene Arturo Béjar
A Tsohon daraktan injiniya ne a Meta wanda ya yi aiki kan ƙwarewar mai amfani da aminci musamman ga matasa Kafin haka ya yi aiki a Yahoo kuma ya kasance fitaccen mutum a masana'antar fasaha
Q Menene ma'anar zama mai fallasa
A Mai fallasa shi ne wanda ke tona asirin bayanai game da ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko marasa da'a ko masu haɗari a cikin ƙungiya Yakan yi haka don kare jama'a ko kuma tilasta wa ƙungiyar yin lissafi
Q Me ya sa Arturo Béjar ya bar Meta
A Ya bar saboda ya ji takaici da abin da ya gani a matsayin gazawar Meta na kare matasa daga abun ciki mai cutarwa da cin zarafi a Instagram Ya ji kamfanin ba ya yin isassu don magance waɗannan matsaloli masu tsanani
Q Menene babban batun da ya tada
A Ya tada damuwa cewa ƙirar Instagram da algorithms na iya cutar da lafiyar kwakwalwar matasa Ya kuma ce kamfanin ya yi watsi da bincike na ciki game da waɗannan illolin kuma bai yi sauri ba wajen gyara su
Q Menene ma'anar maganar Ba na tunawa Mark ya taɓa nuna tausayi
A Yana nufin cewa a gogewar Béjar shugaban Meta Mark Zuckerberg bai nuna damuwa ta gaske ko fahimta ga masu amfani da ake cutarwa ba musamman matasa Béjar ya ji wannan rashin tausayi babbar matsala ce
Q Menene Meta
A Meta ita ce kamfanin iyaye na Facebook Instagram WhatsApp da sauran manhajoji Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin fasaha a duniya
Q Me ya sa ya zama mai fallasa maimakon barin aiki kawai
A Yana so ya ja hankalin jama'a ga matsalar Ta hanyar yin magana ya yi fatan matsawa Meta ta canza ayyukanta da kuma sanar da iyaye da 'yan majalisa da jama'a game da haɗarin da ke tattare da matasa masu amfani
Tambayoyin Matsakaici
Q Waɗanne illoli ne Béjar ya ce Instagram ke haifarwa
A Ya ce Instagram na iya haifar da damuwa baƙin ciki da matsalolin hoton jiki a matasa Ya kuma ce ta kasa kare masu amfani daga cin zarafi zalunci da cin zarafin jima'i maras so
Q Menene Béjar ya ce game da binciken ciki na Meta
