Sabuwar takardu da aka fitar daga cikin babbar ƙungiyar noma mafi ƙarfi a Turai sun bayyana yadda ta jinkirta, ta raunana, da kuma soke wasu manyan gyare-gyaren noma a tarihin EU, ciki har da shirin rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da rabi.
Copa Cogeca ta kira kanta muryar manoma miliyan 22 a duk faɗin Turai kuma tana da damar shiga wurin masu yin dokokin EU ba tare da kishiyarta ba. Har ma an bayyana ta a matsayin "abokin tarayya a yin manufofi."
Don haka lokacin da EU ta ƙaddamar da tsare-tsare na manyan gyare-gyaren noma a 2020, saboda damuwa game da sauyin yanayi da matsalar yanayi, Copa Cogeca ta fara aiki da sauri. A watan Fabrairun 2021, ta tsara dabarun neman rinjaye. Dozin na takardu daga tarurrukan cikin gida na Copa Cogeca, waɗanda Grilled – aikin bincike na jarida wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tsarin abinci – da Guardian suka samu, suna ba da kallo mai wuya a cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar neman rinjaye.
Kayayyakin dabbobi masu rigima kamar foie gras da gashi za a kare su, in ji sakataren janar na Copa Cogeca na lokacin, Pekka Pesonen, ga mambobi, "kamar yadda ake kare taba."
Babban burin EU shi ne rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da rabi don kare bambancin halittu. Takardun sun nuna cewa martanin Copa Cogeca shi ne haɗa dabarun jinkirtawa tare da ƙarin ƙoƙarin neman rinjaye.
"Zaɓen majalisar Turai yana nan a 2024," in ji wani bayani daga watan Satumba 2022. "Wataƙila yana da kyau a jira har sai lokacin. Muna buƙatar tilasta Hukumar [Turai] ta bar burinta."
A wannan taron, ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta yanke shawarar neman sabon kimanta tasiri ga manufar. Hukumar ta aiwatar da wannan a ƙarshen shekara, wanda ya jinkirta tsarin manufar da watanni shida. A bazara mai zuwa, ta ƙi rahoton majalisar Turai game da manufar a matsayin "abin haushi," kuma mambobinta sun gabatar da bincike mai zaman kansa kan tasirin tattalin arziki ga jakadun EU a wani taron Copa Cogeca. Bayanan sun lura cewa ƙasashe mambobi "sun nuna fahimta."
Takardun kuma sun nuna ƙoƙarin ƙungiyar don kare amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da ke cutar da ƙudan zuma da glyphosate, wanda hukumar kula da cutar kansa ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta rarraba a matsayin mai yiwuwa yana haifar da ciwon daji. "Matsa wakilai na dindindin don tallafawa" sabunta lasisin glyphosate, in ji sakatariya ga mambobi. "Copa Cogeca za ta aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga wakilai na dindindin."
Thomas Waitz, ɗan majalisar Turai na Green daga Austria wanda ke zaune a kwamitin noma, ya ce: "Copa Cogeca ta mayar da hankali kan yin zagon ƙasa, jinkirtawa, da kuma kashe dokar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari mai dorewa. Suna aiki ne don amfanin manyan kamfanoni masu sinadarai na noma kuma suna adawa da jin daɗin kanana da matsakaitan manoma."
An janye dokar magungunan kashe qwari a watan Fabrairun 2024, 'yan watanni kafin zaɓen da Copa Cogeca ta daɗe tana jinkirtawa.
Yanzu EU tana muhawara kan wani shawara wanda zai cire sake kimanta amincin lokaci-lokaci da ake buƙata ga magungunan kashe qwari da ke kasuwa.
Rage cin naman ja shi ma babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ne. Kowace shekara, EU tana kashe ɗaruruwan miliyoyin Yuro wajen tallata kayayyakin noma, ciki har da "Zama Mai cin Nama," wani kamfen na talla na 2020 wanda ya haifar da fushi a tsakanin masu fafutuka. Lokacin da hukumar ta ba da shawarar taƙaita wannan kuɗin daga naman ja da sarrafa shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinta na cutar kansa, Copa Cogeca ta ɗauki hakan a matsayin barazana ta wanzuwa.
"Ba wai kawai muna magana game da manufar talla a nan ba," in ji jami'ai a wani taro a watan Janairun 2022. "Idan aka bi da nama ta wannan hanya a can, zai yadu zuwa wasu manufofi kuma."
Copa Cogeca ta haɗa kai da wasu kwamishinoni uku da aka ambata don kalubalantar sabon jagorar, ta shigo da ƙungiyoyin neman rinjaye na giya da barasa a matsayin abokan haɗin gwiwa, kuma ta gaya wa mambobinta su matsa wa gwamnatocin ƙasashensu don cire takunkumin. Shekara mai zuwa, an raunana matakan. Shekara bayan haka, an yi watsi da sharuɗɗan lafiya a hankali. Hukuncin Copa Cogeca: "Neman rinjaye ya biya."
Copa Cogeca ta yi sauri don raunana dokoki kan gonakin masana'antu kafin jama'a su ga su. Wani bayanan cikin gida na 2022 ya nuna cewa wasiƙu zuwa ga manyan kwamishinoni sun haifar da ƙaruwar kashi 50% a iyakar abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin gonar masana'antu—bisa adadin dabbobin da ake kiyayewa—kafin a ma fitar da shawara. Bincike ya gano cewa wannan canji ya jawo wa jama'a asarar Yuro biliyan 1.8 (£1.5 biliyan) a shekara a fa'idodin lafiya da aka rasa.
Wannan shine kawai farkon wani kamfen na tsawon shekaru. An kai 'yan majalisa ziyarar gonaki da aka shirya a Belgium. An ƙaddamar da kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai. An aika wasiƙu zuwa ga jakadun EU kafin manyan zaɓen Majalisar Turai. A ranar zaɓen majalisa na ƙarshe, taraktoci da 'yan majalisar EU da aka gayyato sun taru a wajen Majalisar Turai a Strasbourg, inda wani babban allo ke nuna zaɓen IED (Umarnin Fitowar Masana'antu) kai tsaye.
Dokar ƙarshe ta kasance mafi rauni sosai, tana ƙara iyakoki sosai ga gonakin kaji da alade kuma ta cire shanu gaba ɗaya. Kusan kashi 1% ne kawai na gonakin shanu na Turai za a rufe su da shawara ta asali. Marco Contiero, darektan manufofin noma na Greenpeace EU, ya ce Copa Cogeca ta "zaɓi ta kare ƙaramin rukuni na masu aiki da masana'antu sosai waɗanda ke da alhakin wani kaso mara daidaituwa na gurɓatawa" maimakon kare yawancin manoma na Turai.
Game da jin daɗin dabbobi, shigar da Copa Cogeca ta keɓance da matsayinta na jama'a suna ba da labarai daban-daban. A wani taron cikin gida a 2021, wani jami'in ya ce masana'antar za ta iya daina amfani da keji nan da nan idan tana da tallafin kuɗi. Amma matsayin neman rinjaye na Copa Cogeca ya buƙaci lokacin canji na har zuwa shekaru 15. Ana sa ran Hukumar Turai za ta ba da sanarwar tsare-tsaren kawar da keji don kaji masu yin ƙwai a ƙarshen 2026, shekaru bayan alkawarinta na asali.
Game da kyarkeci, Copa Cogeca ta shafe shekaru tana ƙoƙarin cire matsayin kariyar dabbar daga dokar yanayi ta EU—burin da jami'anta suka bayyana a keɓance a matsayin "mai yiwuwa butulci," tunda umarnin ya kasance ba canzawa tsawon shekaru 30. Duk da haka, a watan Satumbar 2024, shugaban ƙungiyar ya bayyana: "Babban nasarar neman rinjaye. Yaƙin ya ƙare." An gyara Umarnin Wuraren Zama a watan Yunin 2025. Takardun Copa Cogeca sun nuna ƙungiyar ta fara tsara jerin wasu dabbobi da tsuntsaye da take son kai hari a gaba.
Duk da buƙatun neman bayani da yawa, Copa Cogeca ta zaɓi ba ta ba da amsa ba.
Wani mai magana da yawun Hukumar Turai ya ce an yanke shawararta "bisa sharuɗɗan Turai, ƙarƙashin dokokin Turai, kuma don amfanin Turai."
"Ba sha'awar babban noma ba shine sauƙaƙa Yarjejeniyar Green ba," in ji Delara Burkhardt, 'yar majalisar Turai ta Jamus a kwamitin muhalli. "Yana son rusa ta."
Karanta cikakken rahoto kan wannan bincike a Grilled.
**Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa**
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da yadda ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta noma ta Turai ta rinjayi dokar magungunan kashe qwari ta EU wanda ya ƙunshi matakan farawa zuwa na gaba.
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Farawa**
1. Menene ainihin dokar magungunan kashe qwari ta EU da aka kashe?
Doka ce da aka tsara mai suna Dokar Amfani Mai Dorewa. Babban burinta shi ne rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari na sinadarai da rabi nan da 2030 a duk faɗin Tarayyar Turai.
2. Wanene ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta noma da kuke magana akai?
Ƙungiya mafi ƙarfi ita ce CopaCogeca, babbar ƙungiya mai inuwa wacce ke wakiltar miliyoyin manoma da ƙungiyoyin noma a duk faɗin Turai. Tana da alaƙa mai zurfi da masu yin manufofin EU.
3. Ta yaya ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta yi nasarar dakatar da dokar?
Sun yi amfani da dabarar gargajiya: sun yi jayayya cewa dokar za ta rage samar da abinci, ta sa abinci ya yi tsada, kuma ta cutar da kuɗin shiga na manoma a lokacin yaƙi da hauhawar farashi. Daga nan suka matsa wa gwamnatocin ƙasashe don su yi adawa da dokar, wanda a ƙarshe ya sa Hukumar Turai ta janye ta.
4. Menene babban dalilin da ya sa aka gabatar da dokar tun farko?
Don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Magungunan kashe qwari suna da alaƙa da matsalolin lafiya kuma suna kashe ƙwaryoyin kwari masu mahimmanci kamar ƙudan zuma, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙoshin abincinmu.
**Tambayoyi na Matsakaicin Mataki**
5. Shin manoma suna da ma'ana? Shin dokar da gaske za ta haifar da ƙarancin abinci?
Suna da ma'ana a wani ɓangare. Dokar ta saita wani buri mai tsauri sosai ba tare da bayyanannun hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ga kowane amfanin gona ba. Manoma suna tsoron raguwar amfanin gona kwatsam. Duk da haka, dokar tana da dogon lokacin shigarwa, kuma masu goyon baya suna jayayya cewa ƙirƙira a cikin noman halitta da fasahar daidaitawa za ta iya cike gibin.
6. Menene takamaiman hujjar kisa da ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta yi amfani da ita?
Yaƙin Ukraine. Ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta yi nasarar haɗa muhawarar magungunan kashe qwari da tsaron abinci. Sun yi jayayya cewa rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari zai sa Turai ta dogara da shigo da abinci daga ƙasashe marasa tsari kuma rashin hankali ne a rage samarwa yayin da yaƙi ke barazana ga wadatar hatsi a duniya.
7. Ta yaya ƙungiyar neman rinjaye ta rinjayi Hukumar Turai don janye dokar?
Ba wai kawai sun yi zanga-zanga a tituna ba. Sun yi aiki ta hanyar ministocin noma na ƙasashe, waɗanda daga nan suka toshe dokar a Majalisar EU. Da yake fuskantar matsananciyar rikici da kuma tsoron babban martani na siyasa daga manoma kafin zaɓen Turai, Shugaban Hukumar Turai ya janye dokar.
