Ga shekaru sama da 2,000, mutane suna mafarkin haɗa babban tsibiri a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum da ƙasar Italiya. Wannan sha'awar ta fara ne daga Romawa. A cewar Pliny the Elder, a shekara ta 251 BC, sun gina gada ta amfani da kwale-kwale da ganga a kan mashigin Messina don ɗaukar giwayen yaƙi 140 da suka kama daga Carthaginians.
Ƙarnuka da yawa bayan haka, shugaban mulkin kama-karya Benito Mussolini yana da wannan ra'ayin. Sa'an nan, firaministan dama Silvio Berlusconi ya mai da gadar babban aiki. A shekara ta 2022, bayan ya zama ministan ababen more rayuwa na Italiya, Matteo Salvini ya sake farfado da wannan babban mafarki. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa haye ta jirgin ruwa "yana kashe mutane fiye da yadda zai kashe don gina gadar."
Tun daga wannan lokacin, duk da haka, an fi yin magana fiye da aiki. Salvini da farko ya ce za a fara ginin aikin na €13.5bn a shekara ta 2024, amma hakan ya koma farkon 2025, sannan zuwa farkon 2026. A watan Fabrairu, yayin da masu suka ke dariya a fili game da jinkirin da aka yi ta maimaitawa, shugaban jam'iyyar Lega mai ra'ayin dama ya dage cewa za a fara aiki a ƙarshe nan da lokacin rani.
Amma a Torre Faro, wani yanki a arewa maso gabashin Sicily inda aka tsara fara aikin, har yanzu babu alamar gini. Iyalai suna ci gaba da zama a gidajen da aka yi niyyar kwace.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Gadar daga Torre Faro zuwa Villa San Giovanni a Calabria za ta zama gada mafi tsawo a duniya. Hoton: Webuild-Eurolink Image Library
"Kuna mamakin yadda nake da natsuwa. Me ya sa zan damu?" in ji Mariolina De Francesco, ’yar shekara 76 mai ritaya malama a jami'a. Gidanta na ɗaya daga cikin kadarori sama da 400 da aka tsara don saye da tilas. "Idan ba su gina gadar a baya ba, me ya sa za su gina ta yanzu? Magana ce kawai. Ba za su taɓa gina ta ba."
A cewar tsare-tsare na hukuma, gadar daga Torre Faro zuwa Villa San Giovanni a Calabria za ta zama gada mafi tsawo a duniya, tare da tsakiyar tazarar – nisa tsakanin manyan hasumiyoyi biyu masu tallafi – na kilomita 3.3. Filayenta zai kasance da hanyoyin mota shida, hanyoyin sabis biyu, da hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa biyu. Babu wata gada mai rataye da irin wannan tazarar da ta wanzu. Mafi kusanci ita ce gadar Minami Bisan-Seto ta Japan, wadda aka buɗe a 1988, mai tsakiyar tazarar kilomita 1.1.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Mariolina De Francesco, ’yar shekara 76 mai ritaya malama a jami'a, wadda gidanta ke fuskantar kwacewa. Hoton: Lorenzo Tondo/The Guardian
Jinkirin ya faru ne saboda matsaloli daban-daban da ke karuwa: damuwa daga hukumomin jama'a game da tasirin aikin ga muhalli, binciken cin hanci da rashawa da masu gabatar da ƙara a Roma ke yi, shiga tsakani na kotun masu binciken kudi ta Italiya, wadda ke duba kuɗin aikin, da kuma dogon jerin buƙatu daga Babban Majalisar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Italiya.
A cikin hirarraki da Guardian, manyan injiniyoyi, masana ilimin girgizar ƙasa, da masana muhalli duk sun nuna shakku kan cewa gadar za ta taɓa zama gaskiya.
"Wataƙila za ku iya gina ta," in ji Antonino Risitano, tsohon shugaban sashen injiniya a Jami'ar Catania. "Amma ba za ku iya ba da tabbacin amincinta na dogon lokaci ba." Risitano ya ce babu wata fasaha ta yanzu da za ta iya gwada igiyoyin rataye na wannan girman da tsawon don gada mai tazarar guda ɗaya. "Idan ba za ku iya gwada igiyoyin rataye ba, ba za ku iya gina ta ba. Dangane da ilimin kimiyya na yau, aikin na yanzu bai dace da fasaha ba."
Webuild, wadda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar Eurolink da aka ba kwangilar tsarawa da gina ababen more rayuwa, ta ƙi yin tsokaci amma ta ce an riga an magance sukar Risitano kuma an karyata su a cikin rahoton fasaha na 2025 na kamfanin Strait of Messina.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Romawa ne suka fara tunanin gada da za ta haɗa Sicily da ƙasar Italiya. Wannan hoton yana nuna gadar Romawa da Julius Caesar ya gina a kan Rhine a kusan 55 BC. Hoton: Interfoto/Alamy
Rahoton ya ce damuwar Risitano game da manyan igiyoyin rataye ba su da goyon baya daga tarihin aikin gadoji masu rataye a duniya. Ya kuma lura cewa gwajin gajiyawa na cikakken sikelin igiyoyin rataye ba al'adar injiniya ba ce.
Wata babbar damuwa game da gadar ita ce za ta kasance cikin haɗari sosai ga girgizar ƙasa a mashigin Messina, ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi yawan motsin ƙasa a Turai.
"An yi rikodin girgizar ƙasa sama da 5,000 masu ƙarancin girma a cikin radius na kilomita 40 a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata," in ji Carlo Doglioni, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masanan ƙasa na Italiya kuma tsohon shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Geophysics da Volcanology ta ƙasa. "Mashigin yana kuma faɗaɗa a hankali, tare da Sicily da Calabria suna nisa da 2-3mm a kowace shekara."
Yankin yana da tsarin ƙararraki uku waɗanda ke iya haifar da girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfi 7 ko sama da haka, kwatankwacin wadda ta afku a Messina a 1908, inda ta kashe mutane sama da 80,000. "Ko da yake ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi lokacin, yankin ba makawa zai fuskanci ƙarin manyan girgizar ƙasa," in ji Doglioni.
"Girgizar ƙasa mai ƙarfin da ake tsammani a nan na iya shafar ba kawai tushen hasumiya ba har ma da tubalan anka na igiyoyi," in ji Federico Massimo Mazzolani, farfesa mai ritaya na injiniyan gine-gine a Jami'ar Naples Federico II. "Motsi na ƙasa a tsaye na iya rage ƙarfin igiyoyi da kuma ɓata gadar, yayin da girgiza a kwance na iya juya tushen hasumiya har abada, yana barin ginin ya lalace kuma mai yiwuwa ba za a iya amfani da shi ba."
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Wani kallon mashigin Messina daga bakin teku na Torre Faro, wani yanki na Messina inda aka tsara gina gadar mai rikici. Hoton: Lorenzo Tondo/The Guardian
Webuild ta dage cewa "an tsara gadar don jure matsanancin yanayi." Sun ce nazarin girgizar ƙasa ya nuna za ta kasance lafiya a tsarin yayin girgizar ƙasa har zuwa ƙarfi 7.1. Pietro Ciucci, babban jami'in zartarwa na kamfanin Strait of Messina, ya ce an sanya tushen gadar don guje wa ƙararraki masu aiki.
Baya ga girgizar ƙasa, adawa ga gadar tana kuma karuwa a wasu fannoni. A watan Oktoban da ya gabata, kotun masu binciken kudi ta Italiya ta dakatar da aikin, tana cewa gwamnati ta kasa nuna iyawar ta na kuɗi kuma ta ba da umarnin sake kimanta kuɗi kafin a ci gaba.
Ƙetare tallan wasiƙar labarai
Wasiƙar labarai kyauta | Kowace rana
Yi rajista zuwa Headlines Europe
Takaitaccen manyan labaran safiya daga bugun Turai da ake aiko muku kai tsaye kowace rana ta aiki
Shigar da imel ɗinku
Yi rajista
bayan tallan wasiƙar labarai
A watan Yuni, masu gabatar da ƙara a Roma sun buɗe binciken cin hanci da rashawa game da zargin cewa wani lauya da ɗan kasuwa sun nemi su rinjayi alkalan kotun masu binciken kudi ta hanyar yin alƙawarin tallafawa naɗin ayyukan jama'a a gaba don musayar amincewa da aikin. Dan kasuwan tsohon memba ne na hukumar Strait of Messina plc, kamfanin mallakar gwamnatin Italiya da ke da alhakin kula da tsarawa, gini, da aiki na gadar.
Dukansu mutanen biyu sun musanta aikata laifi kuma sun ƙi zarge-zargen, suna cewa ba su taɓa neman rinjayar kotu ba ko kuma bayar da alheri don musayar yanke shawara.
Kotun masu binciken kudi ta kuma tada damuwa game da bin ka'idojin muhalli na EU. Kamfanin Strait of Messina ya dage cewa kare muhalli da bambancin halittu "suna cikin zuciyar aikin." Amma, kuma, masana sun ƙi yarda. WWF ta yi jayayya cewa gadar za ta yi barazana ga mashigin Messina, wani muhimmin hanyar ƙaura ga miliyoyin tsuntsaye da dabbobin ruwa.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Mariella Valbruzzi da Daniele Ialacqua, waɗanda suka kafa kwamitin No Ponte Capo Peloro. Dukansu sun yi yaƙi da aikin tsawon shekaru goma. Hoton: Lorenzo Tondo/The Guardian
"Mashigin Messina yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙaura na tsuntsaye 28 mafi muhimmanci a duniya," in ji Gaetano Benedetto, mataimakin shugaban WWF Italiya. "Wani nazari na 2006 da kamfanin gadar ya ba da umarni ya ƙiyasta cewa tsuntsaye miliyan 4.3 sun haye hanyar da aka tsara na gadar a cikin makonni shida kacal na ƙauran bazara."
A farkon watan Agusta, Babban Majalisar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Italiya ta ce gadar za ta iya ci gaba ne kawai idan gwamnati ta magance buƙatu sama da 100, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga haɗarin girgizar ƙasa da kayan gini da ke tattare da su wanda zai iya tilasta masu zanen su sake gyara aikin sosai.
Duk da haka, wani babban abin damuwa fiye da gina gadar shi ne yiwuwar fara gini sannan a tsaya a rabin hanya, yana barin tabo na dindindin a yanayin ƙasa, in ji Benedetto. Waɗanda suka kafa yaƙin neman zaɓe na No Ponte Capo Peloro suna da wannan tsoro.
"Na tabbata ba za a taɓa gina gadar ba," in ji Mariella Valbruzzi, wadda ta yi yaƙi da aikin tsawon shekaru goma tare da mijinta, Daniele Ialacqua. "Abin da ke damuna shi ne cewa aikin kan hanyoyi da gadoji na iya farawa, yana binne wannan yanki mai kariya a ƙarƙashin siminti, ko an gama gadar ko a'a."
Webuild ta yi iƙirarin cewa aikin zai haɓaka tattalin arzikin Italiya da sama da €23 biliyan, ya samar da sama da €10.3 biliyan a matsayin haraji, da kuma samar da ayyukan yi sama da 100,000 kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice.
Jam'iyyun adawa suna jayayya cewa kuɗin zai fi dacewa a kashe shi wajen inganta tsofaffin hanyoyin mota da layin dogo na Sicily, waɗanda ke cikin mafi rauni a Turai. Misali, tafiyar kilomita 265 tsakanin Syracuse da Trapani ta jirgin ƙasa yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 11 zuwa 14 kuma yawanci yana buƙatar canji uku – lokacin da ya isa tashi daga Roma zuwa New York da kuma wucewa ta hanyar fasfo.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Rosa Cattafi, ’yar shekara 66, wadda aka tsara kwace gidanta. Hoton: Lorenzo Tondo/The Guardian
Tun lokacin da Roberto Vannacci, tsohon janar na soja mai ra'ayin dama, ya bar jam'iyyar Salvini ta Lega don ya kafa jam'iyyarsa, aikin gadar ya ƙara zama da alaƙa da makomar siyasar ministan ababen more rayuwa. Yayin da Lega ke faɗuwa a ƙididdigar jama'a kuma sabuwar jam'iyyar Vannacci ke samun gaba, gadar ta ƙara zama muhimmanci ga Salvini. Wani binciken EMG ya sanya Futuro Nazionale (Makomar Ƙasa) a 7.2%, kawai 0.5 bisa dari a bayan Lega, yana ƙara hasashen cewa jagorancin Salvini a cikin haɗin gwiwar dama na iya fuskantar matsin lamba.
"Ba za a taɓa gina gadar ba. Salvini ya gaza. Ya kamata ya yi murabus," in ji Angelo Bonelli, ɗan majalisa kuma shugaban Green-Left Alliance (AVS).
Rosa Cattafi tana fatan za ta iya tabbata cewa ba za a taɓa gina gadar ba. Gidan ’yar shekara 66 wani gida ne da aka tsara kwacewa. "Na sayi wannan gidan shekaru 12 da suka wuce, lokacin da gadar ta zama kamar an watsar da ita," in ji ta. "Ba wanda zai iya ba ni cikakken tabbaci cewa ba za a taɓa gina ta ba. Har sai an bayyana a fili cewa ba za a iya gina ta ba, dole in rayu da wannan rashin tabbas."
