Laura Daly tana da shekara shida a lokacin da ta fara jin cewa akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba game da mahaifiyarta, Wendy. Wata rana, Wendy ta yi fushi sosai bayan ta kulle kanta a waje. Ta juya motar ta buga ta a kofar gareji sau daya, sau biyu, sannan sau uku, yayin da Laura ke zaune shiru a kujerar baya, kanta yana motsawa gaba da kowane bugu. A bugu na bakwai, kofar gareji ta lankwasa sosai don Laura ta iya matsewa a karkashinta, ta shiga ciki, ta dauki makullin.
"Kamar ina kallon kaina," in ji Wendy Barker, yanzu tana da shekara 56. "Babu wani abu da zai hana ni."
A cikin gidansu a Hampshire, fushin ya dushe kuma Barker ta fashe da kuka. Har zuwa lokacin, ta fi yawan boye munanan halayenta daga 'ya'yanta biyu. "A wannan karon alamun sun fito," in ji ta. "Na kan rike su har sai yaran sun kwanta. Idan mijina ya dawo gida dan kadan a makare, faranti da wukake kan tashi. Ina yawan tambayarsa yanzu, 'Me ya sa ka zauna?' Kullum yana cewa, 'Domin wannan ba ke ba. Na san har yanzu kana can. Muna bukatar mu samu muku taimakon da ya dace.'" Wannan neman taimako ya zama gwagwarmayar shekaru ashirin, wanda ya kare da ganewar asali wanda kusan babu likita da ya taɓa ji.
Har yanzu, laifin ya rage. "Ina matukar nadamar cewa 'ya'yana biyu sun shaida abubuwan da bai kamata su gani ba," in ji Barker. A lokacin, babu wanda zai iya bayyana halayenta. "Na kasance kamar igiyar da aka naɗe. Har sai da na yi wannan fashewar fushi, ihu, da kuka, ba zai tafi ba, komai yawan tunani da mutane suka ce in yi. Kuma da zarar na sami haila, sai ya fara taruwa kuma."
"Na ci gaba da gaya wa likitana, ba bakin ciki kawai ba ne—wani abu ne ke yi min haka." Kamar agogo, na mako guda a kowane wata, alamomina suna ɓacewa, sai su dawo na makonni uku masu zuwa. Da farko, likitoci sun yi tunanin cewa cutar bipolar ce. "Ni Jekyll da Hyde ce," in ji Barker. Amma daidai lokacin alamunta, wanda ta bi, ya nuna wani abu dabam.
Wata rana, tana gida tana fuskantar alamunta, Barker ta ga wani shiri na shirin BBC na rana mai suna **Kilroy** game da bakin ciki bayan haihuwa, tare da Dr. Katharina Dalton a cikin tattaunawar. Barker ta bi Dalton. Dalton, wacce ta kirkiro kalmar premenstrual syndrome (PMS), ta ce Barker tana da bakin ciki bayan haihuwa. "Amma ta kuma ce, 'Ina tsammanin kana da wani abu dabam,'" in ji Barker. "Ta gaya min cewa premenstrual dysphoric disorder ne."
Wannan ganewar asali na kalmomi uku ya canza rayuwar Barker.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) ya zama yanayin da za a iya gano shi a hukumance a shekara ta 2013, lokacin da aka ƙara shi a cikin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A shekara ta 2019, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta amince da shi, wanda ya ba da daraja da nauyi ga yanayin—mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda suke jin cewa likitoci ba su ɗauke su da muhimmanci ba a da. A shekara ta 2000, Barker ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Biritaniya da aka gano. Alamun sun haɗa da sauyin yanayi mai tsanani, fushi, bakin ciki da damuwa mai tsanani, gajiya, da jin an mamaye su. Bincike na yanzu ya nuna cewa PMDD yana shafar har zuwa mace ɗaya cikin 20 na shekarun haihuwa, kodayake kashi 1.6% ne kawai ke da ganewar asali. Kashi ɗaya bisa uku na waɗanda aka gano sun yi ƙoƙarin kashe kansu.
Mutane da yawa—har ma da likitoci—ba su taɓa jin labarinsa ba, don haka waɗanda ke da PMDD galibi ana yi musu kuskuren ganewar asali kuma ba a kula da su. Har ma an fi fahimtar yadda irin wannan cuta mai rauni zai iya shafar uwaye da 'ya'yansu. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan watannin nan, an kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta farko a Burtaniya da ke tallafawa marasa lafiya na PMDD da iyalansu kawai.
Daly, yanzu tana da shekara 37, ta tuna jin "babban, mai zafi" gardama tsakanin iyayenta kafin mahaifiyarta ta sami magani. "Ina jin bakin ciki saboda tana kuka—na ƙi ganinta cikin damuwa haka," in ji Daly. "Mahaifiya tana da wuya a wasu lokuta. Ina jin tana ihu ga mahaifina kuma ina tunanin, wannan bai dace ba."
"Ina fadin munanan kalmomi kuma ina jin ba zan iya tsayawa ba, sannan bayan haka ina tunanin: wannan mummunan abu ne," in ji Barker. "Sannan kuka da bakin ciki suna zuwa, kuma ina shafe mako guda ina neman afuwa—sannan zai sake farawa." Hannunta suna da tarin zane-zane masu girma da launuka masu yawa. Suna ɓoye tabo daga cutar da kanta a lokutan duhu. Amma ta kuma mayar da su alamar ƙarfinta. Sama da zane ɗaya, an rubuta kalmomin Maya Angelou: "Kuma har yanzu ina tashi."
Wani ci gaba ga Barker ya zo lokacin da likitan mata Farfesa John Studd ya gwada estrogen implants tare da ita. "Shi ne kawai abin da ya yi aiki—alamomina sun ɓace," in ji Barker. Amma NHS ta ƙi ba da kuɗin maganin saboda an rarraba PMDD a matsayin ciwo—ƙungiyar alamomi sau da yawa ba tare da fahimtar dalili gaba ɗaya ba—maimakon cuta. Barker ta rubuta wa likitoci, 'yan majalisa, da duk wanda zai iya taimaka mata samun wannan magani mai canza rayuwa cikin araha yayin da ta ƙaura daga Hampshire zuwa Edinburgh, inda take zaune yanzu. "Na ƙare da biyan £600 kowane wata shida don tafiya London don samun sabon implant a kan kuɗina," in ji ta. Ga Barker, yana da mahimmanci; rayuwa akan estrogen implant "aljanna ce." 'Yarta ma ta taɓa ba ta rancen £1,000 don samun sabon implant lokacin da kuɗin Barker ya ƙare.
Duk da haka, wata damuwa mai dadewa ta dame Barker. "Na damu cewa na lalata dangantakata da 'ya'yana," in ji ta. "Na yi sa'a don samun magani kafin su kai shekarun samartaka. Amma a matsayin yara ƙanana, sun girma a kusa da ni, ba tare da ni ba. Na kasance a waje ina kallo, ina ƙoƙarin sarrafa da ɓoye alamomina. Sun sha wahala."
"Na ci gaba da gaya wa likitana, ba bakin ciki kawai ba ne, wani abu ne ke yi min haka."
Wendy Barker ta kasance cikin wani zagaye mai gajiyarwa. Hoton: Margaret Mitchell/The Guardian
Waɗannan batutuwa—tafiyar da dangantaka da 'ya'yansu, magance fashe-fashe, neman maganin da ya dace, da shawo kan laifi da kunya—sun zama ruwan dare ga uwaye masu PMDD. Mai ba da shawara a Brighton Tamsin Taylor, wacce aka sani da PMDD Therapist a kafofin sada zumunta, ta ce uwaye masu ciwon sau da yawa suna "cike da laifi." Tunda ba cuta ce mai warkewa ba kuma babu wani magani "da aka tabbatar" guda ɗaya, abokan ciniki suna zuwa wurinta don taimako game da tasirin tunani. "Yana da mummunan yanayi," in ji ta. "Waɗannan matan suna shan wahala sosai."
Masana likitanci sun ce PMDD yana faruwa ne ta yadda kwakwalwa ke amsawa ga canje-canjen hormonal. Kwararre kan lafiyar mata Dr. Louise Newson ta ce, "Yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar canzawa da rage matakan progesterone. Canje-canjen matakan estradiol da testosterone kuma na iya yin tasiri."
Magunguna sun bambanta a tasiri daga majiyyaci zuwa majiyyaci—magungunan rage damuwa (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), magungunan hana haihuwa, maganin hormone—amma abin da duk suke bukata shine "ƙauna da tallafi a cikin yanayi mara hukunci," in ji Taylor.
A cikin kwarewar Taylor, abokin aure yakan sha wahala fiye da yara. "Mata suna kare 'ya'yansu sosai. Yawancin laifin da nake ji shine sun wuce gona da iri ga abokin aurensu. Yana iya wargaza dangantaka," in ji ta.
Sabon bincike da aka fitar a wannan shekara ya nuna PMDD na iya shafar amana da kusanci sosai ga duka waɗanda ke da ciwon da abokan aurensu. Hanyoyinta na taimaka wa mutane da PMDD su daina zargin kansu. Yana da mahimmanci a sa su ji an ji su, musamman bayan likitoci sun yi watsi da alamominsu a matsayin "PMS na yau da kullun."
"Ya bambanta sosai da wancan," in ji Taylor. "Yana da tsanani sosai, yana daɗe, kuma yana bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban—wasu suna kwatanta jin bakin ciki mai tsanani, wasu suna fushi."
Jenny Fairhurst, mai shekara 41, daga Crewe, ta lura da alamomi bayan ta haifi ɗanta na biyu. "Na ji kamar ina bayan gilashi—ina kallon yarana suna wasa amma ba zan iya jin farin ciki ko shiga ba," in ji ta. "Na ji matattu a ciki. Ina fashewa da fashe-fashe ga abokin aurena da yarana saboda ƙananan abubuwa." Sannan za su biyo da jin "laifi mai yawa."
Komawa da tafiya ya kasance mai tada hankali. "Na yi tambayar kaina akai-akai—ban iya fahimtar canjin tunanina, tunanina, da motsin raina daga mako ɗaya zuwa na gaba ba," in ji ta. "Kamar ina da rabe-rabe. Na zama mai wuyar zama da ita—kuma dangantakata da yarana da mijina ta sha wahala. Na ji kamar ina rasa kaina."
Likitan mata ya ce, "Kina da PMDD." Na ce, "Menene wannan?" Kuma ni likita ne!
Wani likita ya yi watsi da shi a matsayin "canjin yanayi na hormonal na yau da kullun," yana barin Fairhurst tana jin "an watsar da ita kuma ba a ji ta." Amma waɗanda ke kusa da ita sun lura da babban canjin. "Mijina talaka ba zai san ko yana zuwa ko yana tafiya tare da ni ba," in ji ta. "Kamar, wane nau'i ne yau?"
Bayan ta bi alamominta—"Rana ta 22 kullum ita ce ranar faduwa ta," in ji ta—wani likita na gaba ya saurara. "Ya kasance wani juyi mai mahimmanci," in ji Fairhurst. "Na ji an tabbatar da ni. Sannan, bayan gwada magunguna daban-daban, na gano cewa shan Fluoxetine (magungunan rage damuwa) a lokacin luteal na zagayowata"—bayan ovulation amma kafin haila—"ya taimaka min daidaita alamomi masu tsanani."
Abubuwa ba su cika ba—Fairhurst har yanzu tana fuskantar waɗannan alamomi masu tada hankali—amma maganinta yana ba ta "wannan ƙarin sararin tunani don yin tunani," in ji ta. Kasancewa uwa mai PMDD "yana kashe rai lokacin da kika san ba kai mafi kyawun nau'in kanka ba ne." Amma hulɗar kwanan nan da ɗanta mai shekara 10 ya nuna cewa ya fahimci yaren da ta yi amfani da shi don kwatanta cutar.
"Ya san cewa a gabanin haila ta, komai ya ɗan yi wuya ga Mama," in ji Fairhurst. "Abin da ya kasance mai daɗi shi ne, zan kwanta a kan sofa kuma zai ji ina shan wahala, ya ce, 'Kina lafiya? Kina jin bakin ciki kuma kina samun haila?', kuma ya rungume ni da babbar runguma," in ji ta. "Ina tsammanin ya koya masa tausayi na gaske. Kuma yana nuna shi saboda na yi ƙoƙari kada in ɓoye raunina gare shi."
Fairhurst har yanzu tana mafarkin ranar da za ta kasance ba tare da PMDD ba—mutane da yawa da ke da shi suna cewa alamominsu suna sauƙaƙa ko ɓacewa bayan haila ta ƙare ko, ga wasu, bayan an cire mahaifa. "Ina fatan shekarun bayan haila," in ji ta. "Amma ina godiya cewa na sami hanyar sarrafa alamomin; ya ba ni damar jin ƙauna da farin ciki daga yin lokaci tare da yara, wanda PMDD ya sata."
A halin yanzu akwai ƙarancin fahimtar wannan yanayin a cikin al'ummar likitanci har ma likitoci suna mamaki lokacin da aka gano su. Dr. Milli Raizada, mai shekara 40, likita ce kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar mata, duk da haka, a cikin ikirari nata, lokacin da aka gano ta da PMDD shekaru shida da suka wuce, ba ta taɓa jin labarinsa ba.
Ta ji cewa sana'ar da ta yi aiki a cikinta duk rayuwarta ta ƙyale ta. "Likitoci da yawa, har da ni, ba su da ilimin da zai taimaka wa matan da ke shan wahala a shiru," in ji ta. Don haka, ta bayyana abin da ya kamata ya faru. "Ingantacciyar horarwa. Ƙarin bincike. A daina ware lafiyar mata."
Mijinta ya fara lura da alamomi yayin da ta daina shan kwayar hana haihuwa. "A lokacin luteal, ina yawan jayayya da shi kuma ya ce, 'Wannan ba al'ada ba ne,'" in ji ta. "Yawanci ina da ƙarfi kuma ina iya yin abubuwa da yawa, amma ba zato ba tsammani na sami ciwon impostor, na ji an mamaye ni kuma ba ni da daraja, kuma ina da hankali da rashin jin daɗi na makonni biyu a wata." Bayan ta yi wa surukarta tsawa kan wani magana da aka yi, Raizada ta san lokaci ya yi da za ta yi aiki.
Ta yi alƙawari ga likitan mata. "Na fashe da kuka yayin da na shiga, na ce, 'Wataƙila ina ɓata lokacinka, amma ina jin kamar ba zan iya jurewa ba,' kuma ya ce, 'Kina da PMDD.' Na ce, 'Menene wannan?' Kuma ni likita ce!"
An ba ta Zoladex, wanda ke haifar da haila ta sinadarai. Yana da illolin da ke sa amfani na dogon lokaci ba zai yiwu ba, amma ya taimaka a yanzu. Auren ta, duk da haka, ya sha wahala kuma ya ƙare da saki. Dangantakarta da 'ya'yanta—yanzu suna da shekara 12 da 10—ta inganta. "Yanzu sun fahimci yadda zagayowata ke aiki," in ji ta.
Newson ta ce PMDD sau da yawa yana biyo bayan bakin ciki bayan haihuwa. "Mata har ana sanya su a asibiti ta hanyar kuskuren ganewar asali," in ji ta. Ta yi maganin PMDD da hormones kamar testosterone, progesterone, ko oestrogen. Ta ce yayin da magungunan rage damuwa ke taimaka wa wasu mata, ba sa gyara tushen matsalar. "Na kasance ina rubuta su da kaina don PMDD—har sai da na ga yadda canza waɗannan hormones da suka ɓace ke canza rayuwa."
"Wannan yanayin a halin yanzu mata sun fi fahimta fiye da kwararrun lafiya," in ji ta.
Mutane masu PMDD ba kawai suna buƙatar taimakon likita ba; suna kuma buƙatar tallafin zamantakewa. Shi ya sa Phoebe Williams, mai shekara 28, ta fara PMDD Project, ƙungiyar agaji ta Burtaniya kawai da ta mayar da hankali kan premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Williams ta fara lura da alamomin PMDD lokacin tana kusan shekara 15. Da shekara 22, ta san cewa akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba.
"Wani likita ya ce ina yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma in ci gaba kawai."
Phoebe Williams tana gudanar da ƙungiyar agaji ta PMDD ta farko a Burtaniya. Hoton: Kat Wood/The Guardian
"Na shafe shekaru ina tambayar kaina, me ya sa nake haka? Abokaina ba sa amsawa ga zagayowar su kamar yadda nake yi," in ji ta. "Ina fushi ba dalili, sannan in ji bakin ciki da damuwa. Ainihin kaina yana ɓacewa na 'yan makonni a kowane wata."
"Na raba tunani masu duhu da yawa ga likitoci daban-daban," in ji ta. "Ina kasancewa mai buɗe ido da rauni. An yi watsi da ni akai-akai." Duk da haka, ba ta zarge su ba. "Ba laifinsu ba ne," in ji ta. "Su ma ba su san menene PMDD ba." Amma wani likita da ta kira. "Ta ce ina yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma in ci gaba kawai." Wani kuma ya kusa yi mata kuskuren ganewar asali da cutar bipolar, ba tare da tambayar zagayowarta ko hormones ba.
Tana da shekara 22, lokacin da take fuskantar tunanin kashe kanta, Williams ta sami wani shafin yanar gizo mara sani game da PMDD. Ya kasance lokacin ci gaba. "Na yi tunani kawai, 'Ya Allah. Wannan abin da nake da shi ne!'" Ta buga shi ta kai wa wani likita namiji, wanda ya yarda bai taɓa jin labarinsa ba amma ya yi alkawarin bincika shi kuma ya dawo mata. "Ya kasance mai ban mamaki," in ji Williams. "Ya kira ni washegari bayan ya bincika shi kuma ya ce, eh, wannan shi ne ainihin abin da kike da shi."
Bayan ta fuskanci kuskuren ganewar asali, an yi watsi da ita, rashin bayani, da kalmomin likitanci masu ruɗani, Williams ta fara PMDD Project saboda ta gane cewa akwai buƙatar yin ƙari ga mata kamar ta. Ƙungiyar agaji tana nufin ilmantar da kwararrun likitanci, haɗa PMDD a cikin horarwar kiwon lafiya, da kafa layin taimako.
"Lokacin da kake cikin rikici, abin da ba ka so shi ne ka bayyana menene PMDD," in ji Williams. Ta kuma shirya ƙirƙirar shirin ba da izini ga ma'aikata. "Za mu horar da wuraren aiki kan gyare-gyaren da ake bukata, kamar sa'o'i masu sassauƙa ga waɗanda ke shan wahala."
Ga iyalai da ke fama da PMDD tare, kamar na Barker, yana zama ruwan dare jin uwaye suna magana game da laifi da damuwa kan yadda 'ya'yansu za su shafa ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru. Amma akwai wani sakamako na gefe da ba a tattauna akai: haɗin rauni. Daly ta ce PMDD na mahaifiyarta ya kawo su kusa. "Mahaifiya ita ce babbar abokina," in ji ta. "Muna zaune a kan titi ɗaya, ina ganinta koyaushe."
Yanzu, Barker ta ce, har ma suna dariya game da wannan lamarin gareji, tare da 'ya'yanta suna wasa game da rashin son shiga mota tare da ita. "Zan iya magana da mahaifiyata game da komai saboda ta kasance mai buɗe ido game da duk abin da ta sha," in ji Daly. "Ina alfahari da ita sosai."
Ana iya tuntuɓar Samaritans a 116 123 ko ta imel zuwa jo@samaritans.org. Kuna iya tuntuɓar ƙungiyar agaji ta lafiyar kwakwalwa Mind a 0300 123 3393 ko ziyarci mind.org.uk.
Tambayoyi da Amsoshi
Ga jerin tambayoyi da amsoshi dangane da yanayin da kuka bayar
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
Tambaya: Menene ma'anar lokacin da aka ce fushi mai fashewa ya girgiza dukan iyalina?
Amsa: Yana nufin mutumin yana da fashe-fashen fushi kwatsam wanda ya haifar da yanayi mai ban tsoro ko rashin kwanciyar hankali a gida.
Tambaya: Wane irin ganewar asali zai iya canza komai ga wanda ke da matsalar fushi?
Amsa: Ganewar asali na yau da kullun na iya haɗa da Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, ko damuwa mai tsanani. Ganewar asali ta musamman ta dogara da wasu alamomi.
Tambaya: Shin al'ada ne a yi fushi wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi kowane wata?
Amsa: A'a. Duk da cewa kowa yana fushi, samun fushi mai fashewa wanda ba a iya sarrafa shi kuma yana rushe iyali akai-akai alama ce ta wata matsala ta asali da ke buƙatar taimakon ƙwararru.
Tambaya: Ta yaya ganewar asali zai iya taimakawa da fushi?
Amsa: Ganewar asali yana ba da taswira. Yana bayyana dalilin da ya sa fushi ke faruwa kuma yana nuna magunguna masu tasiri kamar magani, magunguna, ko canje-canjen salon rayuwa. Yana cire laifin zama mutum mara kyau.
Tambayoyi Masu Zurfi
Tambaya: Menene bambanci tsakanin kawai yin fushi da Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
Amsa: Yin fushi motsin rai ne na yau da kullun. IED ya ƙunshi fashe-fashe masu tayar da hankali waɗanda ba su dace da yanayin ba. Fushin yana jin kamar gudu na jiki wanda ba za ka iya tsayawa ba.
Tambaya: Shin zagayowar fushi na wata-wata zai iya kasancewa da alaƙa da hormones?
Amsa: E, tabbas. Ga maza da mata, canje-canjen hormonal na iya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayi. Ga mata, wannan sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ko perimenopause. Ga maza, ƙarancin testosterone na iya zama dalili.
Tambaya: Menene rashin daidaituwar motsin rai kuma ta yaya ya bambanta da fushi?
Amsa: Rashin daidaituwar motsin rai shine rashin sarrafa martanin motsin rai. Yana kama da maɓallin ƙara mara kyau. Fushi motsin rai ne ɗaya, amma rashin daidaituwa yana nufin ba za ka iya kwantar da kanka ba da zarar ka damu, yana haifar da fashewa.
