Kamar yadda duk sabbin firaminista suke, lokacin da Mette Frederiksen ta ci nasara a karo na uku a jere a matsayin shugabar Denmark a wannan makon, ta yi alkawarin cewa gwamnatinta za ta yi aiki don "inganta rayuwar yau da kullum" na mutanen kasar. Amma ba kamar yawancin sabbin firaministoci ba, ta bayyana karara cewa manufofin kawancen ta na hagu za su kasance na "mutanen Denmark da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa" — da kuma "na dabbobi."
Ga Denmark, gidan naman alade na Denmark da kuma kasar da ke da noma mai tsananin gaske wanda ke samar da kimanin alade miliyan 30 a shekara (idan aka kwatanta da kimanin jariran mutane 60,000), wannan lokaci ne mai girma. Gwamnatin Denmark yanzu tana neman babban gyara ga masana'antar da ta fi shahara a kasar.
Hakanan sakamakon kamfen na tsawon shekaru biyu ne da kungiyoyin kare lafiyar dabbobi, muhalli, da mazauna suka yi. Sun mayar da zaben Maris zuwa abin da aka fi sani da "zaben alade" — kuma sun sami nasara bayyananna.
"Da kyar na iya fada, amma mun sami fiye da abin da muka nema," in ji Britta Riis, shugabar Kare Dabbobi Denmark, daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da ke bayan kamfen din. "Mun sanya noman alade ya zama babban batun siyasa. Kuma mun sami canji nan take, na tsari."
Alade suna da muhimmanci ga Denmark kamar yadda motoci suke ga Jamus ko ruwan inabi ga Faransa. Amma masu fafutuka sun dade suna yaki da matsanancin hanyoyin kiwo a kan manyan gonakin masana'antu na kasar.
A matsakaita, alade mata a Denmark suna yaye fiye da alade 37 a shekara, kuma a kan kashi 10 na manyan gonaki, kusan 43. Wannan ya fi sauran masu samar da alade masu tsananin gaske kamar Netherlands, wanda ke sarrafa alade 31 a kowace alade mace. A Denmark, alade mata — wadanda galibi suna da nono 14 — suna haihuwa har zuwa alade 20 a kowace haihuwa.
Masu kamfen sun ce tura ilimin halittar dabba don samar da 'ya'ya fiye da yadda zata iya ciyarwa yana haifar da ba kawai matsananciyar damuwa ta jiki ba har ma da yawan mutuwa da ba a yarda da shi ba. Kusan alade miliyan 9 ne ke mutuwa a kowace shekara a Denmark — fiye da 25,000 a rana.
Hakanan gonakin Denmark suna yanke wutsiyar kusan kashi 95% na alade masu rai don hana cizon wutsiya da damuwa da kuma tsarewa a cikin garke masu cunkoso. A halin yanzu, alade mata galibi ana kulle su a cikin akwatunan haihuwa masu takura inda ba za su iya motsawa ba.
Amma ba lafiyar dabbobi kadai bane. A cewar wani bincike daga Jami'ar Aarhus, kusan kashi 25% na kasar Denmark ana amfani da su don noman abincin alade. Sakamakon haka, ana samun gubar maganin kwari a kashi 56% na wuraren tattara ruwan sha.
Ana kuma yada taki mai yawa a kan filayen da ke kusa da gonakin da za su iya daukar alade har 25,000, yana zubar da nitrates masu guba a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa.
"Kamfanoni ne kawai suka kama," in ji Christian Fromberg daga Greenpeace Denmark. "Manyan masu fitar da nama na Denmark da bangaren noman masana'antu sun dauki ruwan sha na mu na hadin gwiwa kamar magudanar ruwa mai zaman kansa, mara tsari tsawon shekaru. Gurbataccen ruwan sha shine babbar matsala ta biyu tare da noman alade mai tsananin gaske a Denmark."
Yankin da ya fi shafa shine Aalborg a arewacin Denmark, a wani yanki na noma mai tsananin gaske da aka sani da "bel din nitrate." A watan Fabrairu, karamar hukumar ta kai gwamnatin Denmark kotu kan matakan nitrate a cikin ruwan saman da karkashin kasa wanda ya wuce iyakokin doka tsawon shekaru.
Ta ce jihar ta kasa daukar matakin da aka yi alkawari, wanda ya tilasta karamar hukumar ta saka hannun jari a wani kamfanin sarrafa ruwan sha wanda zai kai kudin Danish kroner biliyan 1.1 (€147 miliyan ko £127 miliyan) don ginawa da gudanarwa tsawon shekaru 30.
Mutanen da ke zaune kusa da gonakin alade sun dade suna korafin wari, suna cewa ba za su iya bude tagogi, bushe da tufafi, ko jin dadin lambunansu ba. Suna kuma damuwa game da illar guba. Tasirin a kan tafkuna da koguna na gida, tare da gaskiyar cewa mutane ba za su iya sayar da gidajensu ba.
Riis ta ce: "Duk wadannan matsalolin sun dade suna taruwa. Mun dade muna yakin neman lafiyar dabbobi tsawon shekaru, amma babu abin da ya canza. Abin da ya kawo canji a wannan karon shi ne mun kara himma, mun mayar da hankali kan alade, kuma muka yi aiki tare."
An bi diddigin labaran jaridu da dama, shirye-shiryen talabijin guda uku masu ban tsoro a babban tashar jama'a TV2, da kuma littafi daga wani dan jarida na boye. Dukkansu sun nuna abin da Riis ta kira yanayin "mummunan hali" ga dabbobi a gonakin alade na masana'antu.
Dangane da shaidu daga wani shirin talabijin, Kare Dabbobi Denmark ta kai rahoton manyan mutane uku a masana'antar ga 'yan sanda kan "take hakki bayyananne" na dokokin jin dadin dabbobi. Wannan ya hada da shugaban Majalisar Abinci da Noma ta Denmark, kungiyar fafutuka ta kasuwanci.
Wani yunkuri na 'yan kasa da ke neman gyara ya tattara sa hannu 50,000 da ake bukata don jawo muhawara a majalisa a cikin sa'o'i 72—wani tarihi. Sannu a hankali, batun ya sami wayar da kan jama'a, goyon baya, kuma a karshe, jan hankalin siyasa.
A lokacin zaben Maris, kashi 53% na mutanen Denmark sun gaya wa masu bincike cewa lafiyar dabbobi za ta yi tasiri a yadda suka zaba. Hoton: Ida Marie Odgaard/EPA
Makonni uku kafin zaben, Kare Dabbobi Denmark, Kungiyar Kare Halitta ta Denmark, Greenpeace Denmark, da kuma Kungiyar Kasa da ke adawa da Masana'antun Alade sun hada kai.
"Kawance don zaben alade" an kaddamar da shi ta wadannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, tare da jam'iyyun hagu guda hudu, don tura "fada da masana'antar da ke kashe kasarmu da yawa ta fuskar yanayi, muhalli, hadin kan al'umma, da lafiyar dabbobi."
A cikin kwanakin da suka gabata kafin zaben Maris 24, noman alade ya zama babban batun kamfen, yana da tasiri sosai a muhawarar 'yan takara a talabijin. Riis ta ce: "A karshe, Social Democrats [karkashin Frederiksen], har ma da wasu daga bangaren dama, sun ga ma'anar. Kawai ya tashi."
A lokacin da mutane suka zaba, kashi 53% na mutanen Denmark sun gaya wa masu bincike cewa lafiyar dabbobi za ta yi tasiri a yadda suka zaba, yayin da kashi 95% ke neman matakin gaggawa don kare ruwan sha na kasar.
Kawancen Frederiksen na Social Democrat ya hada da jam'iyyu biyu daga kawancen zaben alade—Green Left da Social Liberals. Sauran biyun, Red-Green Alliance da karamar jam'iyyar Alternative (wacce ta fi tasiri a kamfen din alade), za su ba da goyon bayan majalisa da ake bukata don samun rinjaye.
Wani bangare na farashin goyon bayansu yana cikin shirin sabuwar gwamnati, wanda aka sanar a wannan makon. Ya hada da alkawuran kawo karshen yanke wutsiya na yau da kullum da matsanancin kiwo, da kuma ba wa alade mata da alade karin sarari don motsawa. Don canji na tsari, za a ba da wani kwamiti na musamman don sake fasalin dukkan bangaren gaba daya.
Manufar da aka bayyana ita ce a karkatar da masana'antar daga noman masana'antu mai tsananin gaske, mai tsarewa, mai dogaro da fitarwa zuwa wani samfurin mai karancin yawa, mai dorewa, mai dogaro da cikin gida.
Al'ummomi za su sami ikon hana sabbin gonakin masana'antu da fadada wadanda suke a yanzu. Iyakar nitrate a ruwan sha za a rage shi sosai daga 50mg a kowace lita zuwa 6mg, daidai da shawarwarin masana.
Shugabannin Denmark hudu wadanda jam'iyyunsu za su kafa sabon kawancen. Biyu sun kasance a cikin 'kawancen zaben alade'. Hoton: Mads Claus Rasmussen/Ritzau Scanpix/AFP/Getty Images
Watakila babban canji duka: a karon farko cikin shekaru 130, Denmark ba za ta sami ministan noma ba. A maimakon haka, za a sami ministan yanayi da lafiyar dabbobi, tare da raba aikin noma tsakanin wannan sashen da wasu hudu.
Masu kamfen sun ce wannan yana nuna canji na asali a fifiko—da kuma babban kalubale wanda zai gwada ko tattalin arzikin zamani na duniya zai iya daidaita wadatar tattalin arziki da kariyar tsari ga duniyar halitta.
Denmark ita ce kasa ta shida a duniya wajen fitar da naman alade. Majalisar Abinci da Noma ta dage cewa gonakin alade na Denmark sun bi ka'idojin sarari na EU, suna bin ka'idojin jin dadin dabbobi na doka, kuma suna sarrafa zubar da taki da alhaki. Kungiyar fafutuka ta kuma yi gargadin cewa babban yanke a samar da alade zai haifar da mummunan sakamako na tattalin arziki ga kasar, gami da asarar ayyuka. Ana sa ran muhawara kan yadda za a iya aiwatar da tsauraran dokokin noma zai yi zafi.
A yanzu, duk da haka, Riis da Fromberg suna jin dadin nasarorin su. "A halin yanzu, muna da farin ciki sosai," in ji Fromberg. "Ina ganin yana da kyau a ce, a kalla a takarda, wannan ita ce mafi koren gwamnati da Denmark ta taba gani."
Riis ta ce kamfen mai tsauri da kuma mai da hankali kan gaskiya—gami da gabatar da hujjar kudi mai karfi wacce za ta iya shawo kan bangaren siyasa na dama—ya kawo canji. "A karshe, duk da haka, 'yan kasa ne suka ce: mun isa."
**Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa**
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da nasarar masu kamfen a zaben alade na Denmark wanda aka rubuta cikin yanayi na halitta tare da amsoshi bayyanannu.
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko**
1. Menene zaben alade a Denmark?
Ba zaben gaske na alade bane. Suna ne na babban zabe a majalisar dokokin Denmark game da sabbin dokoki game da masana'antar noman alade mai girma ta kasar. Masu kamfen sun tura don tsauraran dokokin lafiyar dabbobi da muhalli.
2. Menene masu kamfen suka ci nasara a zahiri?
Sun ci nasarar wata yarjejeniya mai tarihi don kawo karshen akwatunan alade mata nan da 2035. Sun kuma sami tsauraran dokoki kan amfani da maganin rigakafi da kuma shirin rage yawan aladen da ake kiwo a kasar.
3. Me yasa ake kiran wannan babbar nasara?
Domin Denmark na daya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da naman alade a duniya kuma masana'antar noman alade tana da karfin siyasa mai girma. Samun gwamnati ta amince da rage yawan alade da kuma hana akwatuna marasa mutunci an dauke shi a matsayin nasarar Dauda da Goliath ga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dabbobi da muhalli.
4. Shin wannan yana nufin Denmark za ta zama mai cin ganyayyaki?
A'a, Denmark har yanzu za ta samar da naman alade amma manufar ita ce a samar da kadan tare da mafi girman matakan jin dadin dabbobi. Wannan mataki ne zuwa ga noma mai dorewa da da'a, ba cikakken hacin nama ba.
5. Wanene masu kamfen?
Sun kasance kawancen kungiyoyin kare lafiyar dabbobi, kungiyoyin muhalli, da wasu kananan jam'iyyun siyasa. Sun yi amfani da matsin lamba na jama'a, koke, da kamfen na kafafen yada labarai don yin tasiri ga manyan jam'iyyu.
**Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci Gaba**
6. Menene ainihin akwatin alade mace kuma me yasa yake da rigima sosai?
Akwatin alade mace wani keji ne na karfe wanda yake kusan girman jikin alade wanda ke hana uwar alade juyawa ko motsawa da yardarta na tsawon watanni 4 na cikinta. Masu suka sun ce yana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa ta jiki da ta hankali, yana kaiwa ga halaye na al'ada kamar cizon sanduna.
7. Yaya wannan zai shafi babbar masana'antar fitar da naman alade ta Denmark?
Zai iya sa naman alade na Denmark ya fi tsada don samarwa, wanda zai iya cutar da gasarsu a kan kasashen da ke da matakan jin dadin dabbobi marasa kyau. Duk da haka, gwamnati tana fatan sayar da wannan a matsayin samfur mai daraja mai kyau ga kasuwanni masu arziki.
