Duniya tana ƙara yin zafi. Yaƙe-yaƙe suna ta ƙuna a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Ukraine, kuma kowannensu yana ƙara haɗarin yaƙin nukiliya. AI tana shiga kusan kowane ɓangare na rayuwarmu, duk da cewa ba a iya hasashenta kuma tana son ƙirƙirar abubuwa. Masana kimiyya a dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna ta gwada sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kisa waɗanda zasu iya zama mafi muni daga Covid. Ƙarfinmu na magance wani annoba ya raunana. Agogon Kiyama—babban agogo mara lamba—yana ci gaba da kunnawa, yana ƙidayar daƙiƙan da suka rage har zuwa ƙarshen duniya. Tik. Tik. Tik. A watan Janairu, mun kai daƙiƙa 85 zuwa tsakar dare. Masana sun ce ɗan adam bai taɓa yin kusa da gaci haka ba.
"Abin da muka gani shi ne tafiya a hankali, kusan barci a tsaye cikin haɗari mafi girma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Kuma waɗannan matsalolin suna ƙara muni. Kimiyya tana ci gaba da sauri fiye da yadda za mu iya fahimta, balle mu sarrafa ta," in ji Alexandra Bell, Shugabar Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, ƙungiyar da ke saita Agogon Kiyama. Ta yi magana game da "gazawar jagoranci gaba ɗaya" a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe, waɗanda ba su yin komai don magance barazanar duniya, masu halaka, duk da cewa waɗannan barazanar suna ciyar da juna. Misali, sauyin yanayi yana ƙara rikici a duniya, kuma ƙara AI cikin yanke shawara kan nukiliya, a gaskiya, abu ne mai ban tsoro.
Duba hoto cikin cikakken allo: Alexandra Bell a gida a Washington DC. Hoton: Stephen Voss/The Guardian
"Yawan makaman da ke wanzuwa, na tsawon lokaci, yana ƙara yiwuwar wani abu zai yi kuskure."
Bell tana magana ta hanyar kiran bidiyo daga ofishinta a Washington DC, wanda aka yi masa ado da babbar taswirar duniya, matashin kai na Ranar Matattu, da kuma hoton Barbie da aka tsara a kan girgijen naman kaza—kyauta daga abokin aiki da aka yi wahayi daga yanayin Barbenheimer, domin a wannan fanni, jin daɗi yana taimakawa.
Bell, wacce ta shafe mafi yawan aikinta tana aiki kan sarrafa makaman nukiliya, ta yi imanin cewa saboda ba a yi amfani da bama-baman nukiliya ba tun 1945, jama'a sun sami tunanin tsaro na ƙarya. Ba ma son yin tunani game da yadda sa'a ta taka rawa. "Mun yi sa'a, domin damar ba ta goyon bayanmu ba. Yawan makaman da ke wanzuwa, na tsawon lokaci, yana ƙara yiwuwar wani abu zai yi kuskure," in ji ta—ko da yake ta ƙara da cewa ƙoƙarin kwance damara da zaman lafiya ma suna da muhimmanci sosai.
An ƙirƙiri Agogon Kiyama a 1947 don mayar da martani ga barazanar yaƙin nukiliya, ta ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar nukiliya daga Manhattan Project waɗanda suke son faɗakar da jama'a da 'yan siyasa game da haɗarin—halakar da suka taimaka wajen saki a kan ɗan adam. Ana saita lokacin sau ɗaya a shekara, ko da yake masu saitin sun ce za su iya canza shi akai-akai idan abubuwa suka buƙaci hakan. Su mambobi ne na kwamitin kimiyya da tsaro na Bulletin, ƙungiyar manyan masana kimiyya, malamai, da jami'an diflomasiyya waɗanda ke nufin cimma yarjejeniya kowace shekara kan inda za a saita hannayen agogon.
Agogon Kiyama alama ce. Yana juya tattaunawa masu rikitarwa game da barazanar wanzuwa zuwa wani abu mai aunawa da sauƙin fahimta. Kira ne na farkawa, wanda aka tsara don tura shugabanni da 'yan ƙasa su ɗauki mataki su hana ɗan adam halaka kansa. Ya zama alamar al'ada. A gidan yanar gizon Bulletin, za ka iya sauke jerin waƙoƙin da aka yi wahayi daga agogon, daga Clash, Pink Floyd, da Who zuwa masu fasaha na baya-bayan nan kamar Bright Eyes, Linkin Park, Hozier, da Bastille.
Amma shin Agogon Kiyama zai iya taimaka wa ɗan adam ya sami ƙarin lokaci—kuma idan haka ne, ta yaya? Kuma menene mutanen da suka saita shi za su iya koya mana game da yadda za mu yi tunani da kuma mayar da martani ga haɗarin bala'in duniya?
1947: An saita agogon farko. Minti bakwai zuwa tsakar dare.
Bayan harin bam na Amurka a Hiroshima da Nagasaki a 1945, masana kimiyyar nukiliya da yawa sun ji kunya da laifi sosai game da rawar da suka taka wajen ƙirƙirar makamai mafi kisa a duniya. A wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar masana kimiyya 200 da ke da alaƙa da Met Lab na Jami'ar Chicago—wanda aka ba shi aikin nazarin tsarin—sun kafa ƙungiya mai suna Atomic Scientists of Chicago don ilmantar da jama'a game da haɗarin makamashin nukiliya. A watan Disamba 1945, sun buga bulletin ɗinsu na farko—jaridar bugu—suna roƙon Amurkawa su "yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don kafa ikon sarrafa makaman nukiliya na duniya" kuma suna gargadin cewa "duk abin da za mu iya samu na arziki, tsaron tattalin arziki ko ingantaccen lafiya, zai zama mara amfani idan ƙasarmu za ta rayu tare da tsoron halaka kwatsam."
Yayin da ƙungiyar ta girma ta haɗa da ƙarin masana kimiyyar Manhattan Project, sun cire "Chicago" daga sunan kuma suka mayar da bulletin ɗin zuwa mujalla. Masu ba da gudummawa na farko sun haɗa da J. Robert Oppenheimer da Albert Einstein. Masana kimiyyar sun fahimci cewa makamashin nukiliya ya ba ɗan adam ikon halaka kansa. Sun yi hasashen daidai cewa yayin da kimiyya ke ci gaba, zai bayyana sabbin fasahohi masu yuwuwar halaka, kuma yana da mahimmanci jama'a su kasance da cikakken sani game da haɗarin da ke kunno kai.
Agogon kansa ya kasance haɗari mai daɗi. Martyl Langsdorf, mai zane kuma matar masanin kimiyyar Manhattan Project, ce ta ƙirƙira shi, wadda aka ɗauke ta aiki a 1947 don tsara sabon murfin mujallar. Agogo ya zama hanya mai kyau don alamar jin gaggawar masana kimiyyar, kuma ta saita shi minti bakwai zuwa tsakar dare kawai don ya yi kyau a shafin.
Tsawon shekaru talatin masu zuwa, Eugene Rabinowitch, tsohon masanin ilimin halittu a Met Lab wanda ya gyara Bulletin, ne ya saita lokacin. Wani bayanin Time magazine na 1960 ya kwatanta shi a matsayin ɗan gajeren mutum mai "hula mai shuɗi" da "murmushi mara gogewa" wanda "ba ya kama da annabin halaka." Amma Rabinowitch a fili yana cikin damuwa game da rawar da ya taka wajen haɓaka bam. Ya ce ya yi mamaki, a cikin lokacin kafin Hiroshima, ko ya kamata ya fallasa labarin harin nukiliya da ke tafe a Japan ga manema labarai. A 1971, ya gaya wa New York Times cewa zai yi daidai da yin hakan.
1949: Agogon ya motsa. Minti uku zuwa tsakar dare.
A 1949, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasarar gwajin nukiliya na farko, kuma tseren makaman nukiliya ya fara. Rabinowitch ya yanke shawarar motsa hannayen agogon a karon farko, daga minti bakwai zuwa uku zuwa tsakar dare. Masana kimiyya ba "suna nufin haifar da firgici a jama'a ba," in ji shi a wani edita da ya biyo bayan canjin. "Ba mu shawarta Amurkawa cewa kiyama ya kusa kuma za su iya tsammanin bama-baman nukiliya su fara faɗowa a kawunansu wata daya ko shekara daga yanzu ba; amma muna ganin suna da dalilin yin matukar damuwa kuma su kasance a shirye don yanke shawara masu nauyi."
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Rabinowitch ya motsa agogon lokaci-lokaci don mayar da martani ga abubuwa. Ya canza shi zuwa minti biyu zuwa tsakar dare a 1953 bayan haɓaka bam ɗin hydrogen, sannan ya mayar da shi minti bakwai zuwa tsakar dare a 1960 don nuna ƙarin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasashen Cold War. Rikicin Cuban Missile na 1962—kwanaki 13 da ɗan adam ya fi kusanci da halakar nukiliya—ya faru tsakanin fitowar Bulletin kuma bai haifar da canjin agogo nan take ba. A maimakon haka, Rabinowitch ya tura shi baya zuwa minti 12 zuwa tsakar dare a shekara mai zuwa, don mayar da martani ga Yarjejeniyar Hana Gwaji. Ya motsa hannayen agogon sau da yawa, amma a 1972 ya dawo minti 12 bayan Amurka da USSR sun yi alkawarin rage makamai masu linzami. Rabinowitch ya mutu a 1973, kuma daga nan, kwamiti ne ya saita agogon.
1991: Cold War ya ƙare. Minti 17 zuwa tsakar dare.
Mafi nisa da muka taɓa yi daga tsakar dare shi ne a ƙarshen Cold War. Kwamitin gudanarwa na Bulletin ya saita Agogon Kiyama a minti 17 zuwa tsakar dare. Sun yi jayayya cewa "duniya ta shiga sabon zamani." Ɗan adam ya sami ƙarin ci gaba wajen rage haɗarin yaƙin nukiliya fiye da yadda masu kafa suka taɓa tunanin zai yiwu. Tsarin asali na agogon bai ma ƙyale hannu ya koma baya fiye da minti 15 ba.
[Hoton: Dr. Leonard Rieser, shugaban Kwamitin Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, yana motsa hannun Agogon Kiyama baya zuwa minti 17 kafin tsakar dare, 1991. Hoton: Chicago Tribune/TNS]
A cikin shekarun 1990 da farkon 2000, Bulletin ya fuskanci matsalar kuɗi. Tsoron da ya kori masu kafa, na ɗan lokaci, ya zama na zamanin da. Amma tarihi ya dawo da ƙarfi, kuma agogon ya ci gaba da kunnawa.
2007: Agogon Kiyama na zamani. Minti biyar zuwa tsakar dare.
A 2005, an nada Kennette Benedict a matsayin babbar darakta na Bulletin kuma aka ba ta aikin mayar da mujallar da ke fama da matsalar. Benedict, malamar jami'a, ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a MacArthur Foundation (wanda aka fi sani da "kyautar hazaka"), kuma ta san yawancin mambobin kafa na Bulletin. A gidauniyar, ta yi aiki tare da ɗan Rabinowitch, Victor, da Ruth Adams, mataimakiyar bincike ta Rabinowitch, wadda daga baya ta zama editan Bulletin. Ta kasance tana halartar liyafar cocktail na almara da mai zane Langsdorf ke shiryawa.
Har zuwa lokacin, ana sabunta Agogon Kiyama ba tare da yawan sha'awa ba. Benedict ta ga cewa zai iya zama kayan aikin sadarwa mafi ƙarfi na mujallar ga jama'a. A 2007, ta gudanar da babban taron manema labarai don sanar da yanke shawarar motsa agogon daga minti bakwai zuwa biyar zuwa tsakar dare, don mayar da martani ga gwajin nukiliya na Koriya ta Arewa, burin nukiliya na Iran, da kuma barazanar sauyin yanayi. Ta kawo manyan masana kimiyya, ciki har da Stephen Hawking da Martin Rees, don shiga. "Ya yi babban tasiri," in ji ta. "Mutane suna jin yunwar wannan. Suna son sani."
[Hoton: Kennette Benedict. Hoton: thebulletin.org]
Benedict ta mayar da saitin agogon da taron manema labarai zuwa taron shekara-shekara. Ta ɗauki hayar mashahurin mai zane Michael Bierut don sabunta ƙirar agogon, wanda ya zama tambarin Bulletin. Kuma, mafi yawan rigima, ta faɗaɗa mayar da hankali. Daga nan, kwamitin kimiyya da tsaro na Bulletin ba zai yi la'akari da haɗarin nukiliya kawai ba har ma da sauran barazanar da ɗan adam ya haifar, kamar sauyin yanayi da fasahohi masu rushewa. Masu suka sun zarge ta da "rage darajar" saƙon Bulletin, kuma muhawarar masu saitin agogon ta zama mafi rikitarwa da zafi. Benedict ta tuna wani masanin kimiyya yana jayayya cewa sakamakon da ba za a iya juyawa ba na sauyin yanayi yana da muni sosai har tsakar dare ya riga ya wuce.
"Duk kimiyya da fasaha za a iya amfani da su don nagarta ko sharri. Suna da amfani biyu. Farawa da wuta: tana iya dumama gidajenmu kuma ta ƙone gidajenmu," in ji Benedict a lokacin da muka haɗu a gidanta a cikin garin Chicago. Masu kafa Bulletin sun fahimci wannan. Rabinowitch ya yi magana game da "akwatin Pandora na kimiyyar zamani." Agogon Kiyama na zamani yana nufin ƙarfafa ƙarin kariya daga haɗarin da ke tattare da ci gaban kimiyya. Matakin farko na aiki shine wayar da kai, kuma wayar da kai na gaskiya ba ilimi kawai ba ne amma ji.
A rana mai haske, za ka iya gani daga gidan Benedict har zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, inda take koyar da darasi kan manufofin nukiliya. A farkon kowane darasi, tana tambayar ɗalibanta su karanta Hiroshima na John Hersey, labarin harin bam ta hanyar labaran waɗanda suka tsira. Tana gaya wa ɗalibanta: "Babban falsafata ita ce gaskiya za ta 'yantar da ku. Kuma zan raba yadda zan iya. Amma da farko, za ta sa ku yi baƙin ciki."
Kuma duk da haka, kamar yawancin mutanen da na yi magana da su, Benedict ta ce aikinta kan Agogon Kiyama ya bar ta da bege. Ana tunatar da ita cewa ɗan adam ya ja kansa daga gaci a baya. "Tarihin makaman nukiliya, aƙalla tun ƙarshen Cold War, a gaskiya yana da bege: muna da makaman nukiliya 70,000, kuma yanzu muna da kusan 10,000 ko 12,000. Wannan hujja ce ta ra'ayi, ko ba haka ba?" in ji ta.
2020: Agogon ya fara ƙidayar daƙiƙa. Daƙiƙa 100 zuwa tsakar dare.
Shekaru shida da suka gabata, Agogon Kiyama ya motsa daga minti biyu zuwa daƙiƙa 100 zuwa tsakar dare. Bulletin ya nuna rashin isasshen sarrafa makamai, rashin aiki kan sauyin yanayi, haɓakar rashin gaskiya, da kuma barazanar da AI ke haifarwa. A lokacin, Rachel Bronson, magajin Benedict, ta kwatanta sabon lokacin agogon da gargadin minti biyu a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka: "Duniya ta shiga yankin gargadin minti biyu, lokacin da haɗari yake da yawa kuma damar kuskure ta yi ƙasa." Lokacin kiyama ya kasance kusa da tsakar dare har ana auna shi da daƙiƙa tun daga lokacin.
"Tambayar sau da yawa ita ce: ta yaya za ka je aiki kowace rana?" in ji Bronson, a lokacin da muka haɗu don kofi a Chicago. Amma lokacinta na jagorantar Bulletin bai bar ta da rashin bege ba. "Ina tsammanin, kamar kowane abu, yawan shiga, za ka iya zama mai bege, kawai don sanin cewa akwai mutane nagari da ke aiki kan waɗannan batutuwa da kuma sababbin abubuwa masu ban mamaki da ke faruwa." Bronson ta lura a yayin bayanan kwamitin kimiyya da tsaro na yau da kullun cewa mutane koyaushe suna damuwa game da haɗarin da ba su yi nazari ba. "Duk abin da ka sani, kana tunanin na wani ya fi muni, wani ɓangare saboda koyaushe yana da ban tsoro idan ba a sani ba," in ji ta.
Yayin da nake aiki kan wannan labarin, na ga yadda yake da sauƙi a kau da kai daga tattaunawa game da yadda duniya za ta ƙare. Yanayin kiyama yana da ban tsoro sosai har yana iya zama da sauƙi a yi watsi da su, ko kuma a binne iliminka da damuwarka a wani wuri da ba za a iya kaiwa ba. Amma waɗanda suka shafe ayyukansu suna nazarin makomar kiyama suna da alama suna samun ƙarfin hali wajen fuskantar gaskiyar ban tsoro, suna tunani game da su har sai sun fara ganin hanyoyin magancewa. Wani dalili ne, idan kana buƙatar ɗaya, don guje wa hanyar binne kai a cikin ƙasa.
Akwai, a fahimta, iyaka ga begen Bronson. Tana magana game da yadda masana kimiyya da jama'a ke ci gaba da cin amana daga 'yan siyasa, waɗanda suka kasa ɗaukar mataki mai ƙarfi ko bin shawarar masana. "Ina da kwarin gwiwa game da kimiyya, amma ina da rashin bege game da siyasa," in ji ta.
2026: Matsawa zuwa kiyama. Daƙiƙa 85 zuwa tsakar dare.
A watan Janairu, an saita agogon zuwa daƙiƙa 85 zuwa tsakar dare, mafi kusancin da ya taɓa yi. A cikin makonni huɗu, masanin AI Gary Marcus ya yi jayayya a gidan yanar gizon Bulletin cewa ɗan adam ya riga ya "kusa da gaci sosai," bayan wata arangama tsakanin mai haɓaka AI Anthropic da Fadar White House ta bayyana ƙudurin Trump na ba wa sojoji damar yin amfani da AI ba tare da iyaka ba. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya gano cewa a cikin wasannin yaƙi na kwaikwayo, manyan AI daga OpenAI, Anthropic, da Google sun zaɓi yin amfani da makaman nukiliya a kashi 95% na lokaci.
Bayan kwana biyu, Amurka da Isra'ila sun fara jefa bama-bamai a Iran, suna ƙara haɗarin yaƙin nukiliya. "Ƙarin tashin hankali ko faɗaɗa rikici na iya haifar da ayyukan da aka yi ta hanyar kuskuren lissafi, kuskuren fahimta, ko hauka, kamar yadda Shugaba Kennedy ya taɓa faɗa," in ji Alexandra Bell, wadda ta gaji Bronson a matsayin shugabar Bulletin a 2025. Tun daga farko, ta damu game da rashin shirin tsare kayan nukiliya na Iran, da kuma cewa sauran ƙasashe za su yanke shawarar cewa mallakar makaman nukiliya ita ce kawai hanyar tsaro.
"Idan muka yi kuskure game da manyan batutuwa—musamman idan muka yi kuskure game da matsalar nukiliya—babu wani abu da ya rage."
Na tambayi Bell game da abin da ke motsa aikinta. Tun tana yarinya a wani ƙaramin gari a North Carolina, ta tuna tana matukar damuwa game da malalar mai na Exxon Valdez a Alaska a 1989, kuma ta rubuta wa shugaban Amurka na lokacin George H. W. Bush, tana zarge shi da rashin kula da bala'in muhalli. Ta sami amsa daga Fadar White House wacce ta ce wani abu kamar, "Na gode da wasiƙarka, ci gaba da karanta littattafai." "Kuma na ce, 'Wannan ba abin karɓa ba ne!' Wannan rashin amsawa ya motsa ni sosai tsawon shekaru," in ji ta. Mutane da yawa suna jin rashin ƙarfi lokacin fuskantar manyan matsalolin siyasa na duniya kamar sauyin yanayi ko yaƙin nukiliya, amma Bell ta yi imanin suna raina kansu.
"Zan iya tabbatar maka, zaɓaɓɓun shugabanni suna kula da abin da al'ummarsu ke kira su game da shi. Don haka, ra'ayin cewa mutane ba su da iko ba gaskiya ba ne," in ji Bell. Tarihin sarrafa makaman nukiliya ya kasance ta hanyar aikin jama'a, kuma matsin lamba na jama'a ne kawai zai ƙarfafa shugabannin duniya su ɗauki mataki mai ƙarfi da haɗin gwiwa don magance barazanar da ke fuskantar ɗan adam. Bell ta ce ta fahimci cewa masu jefa ƙuri'a suna da wasu damuwa masu mahimmanci, kamar tsadar rayuwa, kiwon lafiya, ko laifi. Amma a cikin kusan murya ɗaya da sanarwar farko ta Bulletin, ta ce: "Saƙon da muke ƙoƙarin fitarwa shi ne za ku damu da waɗannan manyan batutuwa ma. Domin idan muka yi kuskure game da su—musamman idan muka yi kuskure game da matsalar nukiliya—babu wani abu da ya rage."
Makomar: Koyon yin tunani a lokacin atomic
Wata rana mai ruwa a Chicago, na haɗu da Daniel Holz, masanin taurari na Jami'ar Chicago wanda ke shugabantar kwamitin kimiyya da tsaro na Bulletin. Kwamitin yana haɗuwa aƙalla sau biyu a shekara kuma yana ci gaba da tuntuɓar juna a tsakanin; Holz yana da aiki mai wahala na tabbatar da cewa masana za su iya yarda kan inda za a saita agogon. Yana jin cewa kowace shekara da ta wuce, aikin yana ƙara gaggawa. Mutum yana jin cewa aikin zai iya zama mai cinye komai. Ya yi ajiyar hutun iyali a Japan don bazara—kuma ya sami kansa yana shiga tarurruka na hukuma a Hiroshima da Nagasaki.
A tsakanin wasu malamai da masu shelar kiyama na Silicon Valley, ya zama sananne a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don yin magana game da p(doom) darajar mutum—yuwuwar da mutum ke ba wa duniya ta ƙare. Yawancin mutane suna da wuya su yi tunani a cikin sharuddan yuwuwa, ko da yake, kuma agogon yana ba da hanya mafi sauƙi, mafi alama don bayyana haɗarin da ke fuskantar ɗan adam. Domin alama ce maimakon auna kimiyya, Holz ya ce masu saitin agogon suna buƙatar yin la'akari da ilimin halin mutum na yadda za a fassara lokacin. "Idan mutane suka ji rashin ƙarfi kuma suka tsorata har ba za su iya shiga ba, to muna ƙara muni. Wannan abu ne da nake tunani akai," in ji shi.
Duniya wannan ɗan ƙaramin abu ne mara muhimmanci. Idan muka ƙone kanmu, sararin samaniya ba zai cece mu ba. Wanda ke nufin ya rage namu, ko ba haka ba?
Sai ya zo mini cewa amfanin agogon ya ta'allaka ne a wani ɓangare ga ikonsa na ketare tsoro mai zurfi da iyakokin tunaninmu. Za ka iya bin hannayen agogon kuma ka ji motsi don ɗaukar mataki, ko da yake yana da wuya ka yi tunanin ƙarshen duniya da gaske. Yanayin da kwamitin Bulletin ke tattaunawa—dariyar nukiliya, zubar da dakin gwaje-gwaje da ke kashe duk rayuwar halittu—na iya zama muni sosai har yawancin mutane suna buƙatar taimako don yarda cewa za su iya faruwa da gaske. Suna buƙatar koyon yadda za su canza hangen nesa. Holz ya ce aikinsa na yau da kullun, nazarin baƙaƙen ramuka, ya taimaka masa fahimtar mahimmancin aiki kan haɗarin wanzuwa. "Ilimin sararin samaniya yana da kyau sosai wajen ba da hangen nesa. Lokacin da ka yi nazarin waɗannan abubuwa, za ka sami cikakkiyar ma'anar yadda ba mu da muhimmanci a nan duniya, wanda yake da kyau amma a zahiri yana ba da ƙarfi. Tsawon lokaci, tsawon nisa, suna da yawa, kuma ga mu, wannan ɗan ƙaramin abu ne mara muhimmanci. Za ka gane da sauri cewa sararin samaniya ba zai cece mu ba ... Idan muka ƙone kanmu, ba wanda zai lura ko damu," in ji shi. "Wanda ke nufin ya rage namu, ko ba haka ba?" Dariyar nukiliya ita ce mafi girman bala'i da yawancin mutane za su iya tunanin—kuma duk da haka, daga hangen sararin samaniya, kusan ba abu ba ne. "Na koyar da darasi jiya, wani ya tambaya: idan muka ƙone kanmu a yaƙin nukiliya, shin wani a cikin galaxy zai lura? Kuma gaskiyar ita ce, zai yi wuya a lura. Dole ne ka kasance kusa sosai," in ji shi.
Ban koyi yadda zan yi tunani game da makomar ɗan adam daga hangen sararin samaniya ba, amma washegari na haɗu da wani masanin kimiyya wanda ya taimaka canza ra'ayina. Rana ce mai laima, launin toka, farkon bazara, kuma na yi tafiya zuwa wani yanki na Chicago don saduwa da Dieter Gruen. Yana ɗan shekara ashirin da farko, ya yi aiki a Manhattan Project a Oak Ridge, Tennessee, kuma daga baya ya shiga sauran masana kimiyya don yin kira ga aiki don kare duniya daga rikicin nukiliya. Gruen yana da shekaru 103, har yanzu yana aiki—yana shiga cikin ƙoƙarin gina ingantattun hasken rana—kuma yana da kuzari sosai. Rayuwarsa mai tsawo tana ba shi hangen nesa na musamman kan matsalolin siyasa na yau, kuma ina mamakin (ko watakila ina fata) cewa rayuwa fiye da sauran rikice-rikice na duniya na iya sa shi ya fi yawancin mutane bege. Mako guda bayan Amurka ta ayyana yaƙi a Iran. Gruen yana ajiye kwafin New York Times, New Yorker, da mujallar Bulletin a kan teburin gefen kujerarsa ta fata, kuma yana da mahimmanci. Wannan safiya, ya karanta rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai cewa Iran ta yi ikirarin cewa ta tattara isasshen uranium don kera bama-baman nukiliya kusan 10. Shin ya yarda da Bulletin cewa duniya tana cikin haɗari fiye da kowane lokaci? "Ina jin kamar ban taɓa ji ba," in ji shi da mahimmanci. Me game da lokacin rikicin Cuban missile? "To, wannan ya yi muni sosai," in ji shi. Amma ko ta yaya, wannan ya fi muni.
Me kake tunani, sai ya tambaye ni, kana damuwa? Na gaya masa cewa ko da yake ba hankali ba ne, ra'ayin kiyama na nukiliya yana da muni sosai har kwakwalwata ba za ta riƙe shi ba. Haɗarin duniya, na wanzuwa ba safai suke shiga cikin dogon jerin damuwata na yau da kullun ba. Ya dube ni da ɗan ruɗani. "Eh," in ji shi. "Wannan ba hankali ba ne."
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa dangane da jimlar "Damar ba ta goyon bayanmu ba" da kuma batun Agogon Kiyama
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Menene ma'anar "Damar ba ta goyon bayanmu ba" a cikin wannan mahallin?
Yana nufin cewa bisa ga barazanar duniya na yanzu, ɗan adam yana fuskantar haɗarin bala'i mafi girma fiye da sakamako mai aminci. Agogon Kiyama hanya ce ta g
