Ukraine da Moldova za su ɗauki babban mataki zuwa shiga Tarayyar Turai a ranar Litinin, yayin da suke fara matakin farko na tattaunawar zama memba. Fara tattaunawar hukuma, wanda manyan jami'an EU da ministocin ƙasashen biyu suka ƙaddamar a Luxembourg a ranar Litinin, lokaci ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci ga ƙasashen biyu, waɗanda duk sun kasance ɓangare na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ya zo ne yayin da Rasha ta ƙara kai hare-haren bama-bamai a garuruwa da biranen Ukraine, yayin da take fuskantar hasarar rayuka masu yawa ba tare da samun ƙasa mai yawa ba.
An karɓi Ukraine da Moldova da sauri a matsayin ƙasashen da za su iya shiga EU a 2022, bayan sun nemi shiga kwanaki kaɗan bayan mamayewar Rasha gabaɗaya. Amma duk da yanke shawara mai mahimmanci na buɗe tattaunawa a watan Yuni 2024, an toshe tattaunawar ta ainihi ta hannun shugaban Hungary mai goyon bayan Rasha, Viktor Orbán. Zaɓen sabuwar gwamnatin Hungary a watan Afrilu ya share hanya don ƙasashe membobin EU su amince gaba ɗaya a ranar Juma'a da ta gabata don buɗe "rukunin farko" — sassan dokokin EU da suka shafi bin doka da dimokuradiyya. Fara wannan rukuni yana buɗe ƙofa ga tattaunawa kan wasu fannoni, kamar kasuwa ɗaya, muhalli, da manufofin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
A cikin wata sanarwa ta haɗin gwiwa a ranar Juma'a, shugabannin EU Ursula von der Leyen da António Costa sun yaba "da azama, ƙarfin hali, da aiki tuƙuru da ƙasashen biyu suka nuna wajen ciyar da sauye-sauye gaba, ko da suna fuskantar manyan ƙalubale." Sun ƙara da cewa, "Faɗaɗa shi ne zaɓi na dabara."
Shugaban Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, ya ce: "Ukraine tana yin abin da ya zama dole, kuma yana da mahimmanci cewa EU ma tana cika alkawarinta. Buɗe rukunin farko yana da mahimmanci na siyasa da goyon baya ga ƙasarmu da mutanenmu."
Heather Grabbe, tsohuwar mai ba da shawara ga Hukumar Tarayyar Turai kan faɗaɗa, ta ce buɗe rukunin farko yana da mahimmanci sosai. "Shi ne farkon tsarin samun yarjejeniya don zama memba. Don haka yana da matuƙar mahimmanci." Grabbe, wadda kuma babbar jami'a ce a cibiyar tunani ta Bruegel, ta ce fara tattaunawar zai zama gwaji na gaskiya ga Ukraine. "Ba za ku iya tsallake karɓa, aiwatarwa, da tilasta dokokin EU a ƙasar Ukraine ba. Hakan zai ɗauki lokaci kuma ya yi tsada sosai a harkokin gudanarwa."
Don shiga EU, dole ne ƙasa ta karɓi dubban dokoki da yanke shawara na Turai, sannan ta sami amincewa gaba ɗaya daga dukkan membobin da ke akwai.
Jami'an EU sun yaba da ƙoƙarin sauye-sauye na Ukraine da Moldova. A Ukraine, kama manyan mutane — kamar na babban hafsan ma'aikatan Zelenskyy, Andriy Yermak, wanda aka sanya a matsayin wanda ake zargi a wani babban bincike na cin hanci da rashawa a watan da ya gabata — ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin alamomi masu kyau cewa hukumomi suna ɗaukar binciken cin hanci da rashawa da muhimmanci. Yermak ya musanta dukkan zarge-zargen.
Duk da haka, yabo yana haɗe da rashin jin daɗi cewa Kyiv bai yi sauri ba kan abubuwan fifiko 10 na sauye-sauye da aka amince da su a watan Disamba na shekarar da ta gabata. Jami'an EU sun ce Ukraine ta kammala kashi 15% kawai na sauye-sauye a cikin shirin abubuwa 10 da aka amince da shi a watan Disamba na shekarar da ta gabata tsakanin kwamishinan faɗaɗa EU Marta Kos da mataimakin firaministan Ukraine Taras Kachka. Shirin ya haɗa da matakan ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na hukumomin yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa Nabu da Sapo, ɗaukar dabarun yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa, da sake fasalin yadda ake nada alkalai da masu shari'a.
Jami'an kuma sun yi imanin cewa da isasshen niyya, Ukraine za ta iya kammala tattaunawar fasaha cikin kimanin shekaru huɗu, ko da yake sun yarda cewa zama memba a ƙarshe yanke shawara ce ta siyasa. Wata shawara daga shugaban Jamus Friedrich Merz na Ukraine ta sami "zama memba na haɗin gwiwa" — wakilci a cibiyoyin EU ba tare da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ba, a matsayin mataki zuwa cikakken zama memba — ta kasa samun goyon baya a wasu manyan biranen ƙasashe. Duk da haka, Ukraine, kamar sauran ƙasashen da za su iya shiga EU, ta riga ta shiga wasu manufofin EU, wanda ke nuna cewa ra'ayin "zama memba na mataki" yana samun ƙarfi.
Grabbe ta yi jayayya cewa EU ya kamata ta ɗauki tsarin tsaro na farko ga Ukraine, ta haɗa makwabciyarta ta gabas cikin manufofin tsaro da tsaro, inda dokokin EU ba su da yawa sosai. Ta ce: "Ganin cewa Ukraine ita ce babbar barazanar tsaro ga Turai tun bayan Yaƙin Cacar Baki, yana da ma'ana a fara da tsaro da tsaro." Ukraine ita ce babbar ƙasa a fannin tsaro da tsaro a nahiyar. Ita ce kawai ƙasa da ke da sojoji da suka yi yaƙi da gaske da kuma manyan makamai masu inganci waɗanda ke aiki a fagen fama na yau da kullun da jirage marasa matuki ke mamaye. Mafi munin abin da zai iya faruwa ga tsaron Turai shi ne idan gwamnatin Ukraine ta gaba ta juya baya ga EU ta zama mai shakkar Turai.
Ta ƙara da cewa: "Ba za su juya zuwa Rasha ba, amma idan suka yanke ƙauna game da EU, hakan zai zama bala'i ga tsaron Turai. EU tana buƙatar Ukraine aƙalla kamar yadda Ukraine ke buƙatar EU don tabbatar da tsaronmu gaba ɗaya."
