A cikin wani titin baya na Sarajevo da aka zana rubutu, akwai wata hanya da ta wuce wani lambun da ya cika da ciyawa zuwa wata farar kofa. A bayanta ne ofishin rajista na wani kamfani da ke shirin samun kwangiloli sama da dala biliyan 1. AAFS Infrastructure and Energy na kusa da cin nasarar yarjejeniyar gina da tafiyar da bututun mai a fadin Balkans, wanda zai kawo iskar gas da aka aiko daga Amurka don maye gurbin wadatar Rasha. "Wannan na iya zama aikin more rayuwa mafi muhimmanci da aka taba yi a Bosnia da Herzegovina," in ji wani babban jami'in kasar, wanda, kamar sauran, ya nemi a sakaya sunansa don tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci.
Kamfanin ba shi da wani tarihin yin wani abu mai girman wannan. Abin da yake da shi shi ne alaka ta sirri da Donald Trump. Daya daga cikin wakilan AAFS wani lauya ne na Washington wanda ya yi aiki da Trumps a kan shari'o'in siyasa. Dayan kuma shi ne dan uwan tsohon mai ba da shawara kan tsaron kasa na shugaban kasa. Dukansu sun kasance wani bangare na wani kamfen da ke kusa da zuciyar Trump: kokarin soke rashin nasararsa a zaben shugaban kasa na 2020.
Wani bincike na Guardian, wanda ya dogara da hirarraki da jami'an Bosnia da Amurka na yanzu da na baya, takardun da aka fallasa, da bayanan kamfanoni, ya duba wannan kamfani mai duhu wanda aka tura shi cikin yakin duniya na neman rinjaye a makamashi. Yana ba da hangen nesa kan yadda dangantakar kasa da kasa ke canzawa a karkashin shugabancin da ke shafe layin tsakanin manufofin gwamnati da wadatar da iyalan masu mulki da na kusa da su.
"Akwai wata dabara, a duniyarmu ta yanzu, na samun mutanen da ke da alaka da gwamnati a cikin manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki ko zuba jari," in ji wani tsohon babban jami'in Amurka a yankin. "Ba shi da dadi, amma yawancin siyasar kasata ba ta da dadi a kwanakin nan."
A tsohuwar Yugoslavia, abin da ke cikin hadarin ya wuce wanda zai iya yin arziki. Shiga tsakani na Amurka na iya lalata yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da ta kulla a 1995 don kawo karshen yakin da ya kashe mutane 100,000, yawancinsu fararen hula Musulmin Bosnia da 'yan paramilitar Serbia suka kashe. Bayan tsara guda, shugabannin kabilun Bosnia har yanzu suna fafatawa don samun riba. Jami'an Amurka sun bayyana wa shugabannin Bosnia a fili abin da gwamnatin Trump ke so: amincewa da bututun AAFS.
Lokacin da Guardian ya buga kofar AAFS a Sarajevo, wata mata ta yi kira daga taga a bene yana cewa wakilinsu na gida zai dawo nan ba da jimawa ba. Amer Bekan ya isa bayan 'yan mintoci kadan. Wani mutum mai girma, mai matsakaicin shekaru, ya ce ofishin AAFS zai koma wani babban gini mai ma'aikata 100. CV na kan layi na Bekan ya kira shi "mai zuba jari kuma dan kasuwa mai kwarewa mai yawa." Ya kuma yi kokarin siyasa. Bayan ya zo na karshe da kuri'u 116 a takarar magajin gari a tsakiyar Sarajevo a 2016, wani kamfen na 2020 ya haifar da zargin yin amfani da zabuka don amfanin kansa, wanda ya musanta.
Bekan ya yi rajistar wani kamfani na Bosnia mai suna AAFS a 2021. Ya yi babban lokaci ne kawai bayan ya kawo abokan aikinsa na Amurka a bara. Shi ko su ba za su ce yadda aka gabatar da su ba. AAFS na Bekan yanzu mallakar wani kamfani na Amurka ne mai suna iri daya, wanda aka yi rajista a watan Nuwamba. Yana cikin wani yanki na yawon bude ido kusa da Kogin Potomac, adireshin da AAFS ke bayarwa na ofishinsa na Washington yana tsakanin gidan cin abinci na Lebanon da wani mashaya Irish. Wata alama ta nuna shi ne wurin Binnall Law Group.
Jesse Binnall babban lauya ne da ke yaki da Maga. Ya kasance mataimaki ga kamfen na 2016 wanda ya kai Trump zuwa Fadar White House. A 2020, ya kasance babban murya da ke lalata nasarar Joe Biden. Ya bayyana: "Donald Trump ya ci nasara ... bayan ka yi la'akari da zamba da rashin bin ka'ida da suka faru." Ya kare Trump da babban dansa, Donald Trump Jr., daga wata kara. Wata kara da ke neman a hukunta su lokacin da masu tayar da hankali suka yi kokarin soke sakamakon zaben ta hanyar kutsawa cikin ginin Capitol.
Tuntuɓi
Tuntuɓi Tom Burgis game da wannan labari
Idan kana da wani abu da za ka raba game da wannan labari, za ka iya tuntuɓar Tom ta amfani da daya daga cikin hanyoyin masu zuwa:
Saƙon Tsaro a cikin Guardian app
Guardian app yana da kayan aiki don aika bayanai game da labarai. Saƙonni suna da ɓoye daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe kuma an ɓoye su a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun da kowane Guardian mobile app ke yi. Wannan yana hana duk wanda ke kallo sanin cewa kana sadarwa da mu kwata-kwata, balle abin da kake fada.
Idan ba ka riga ka sami Guardian app ba, sauke shi (iOS/Android) kuma je zuwa menu. Zaɓi 'Secure Messaging'. Don aika saƙo zuwa Tom Burgis, zaɓi ƙungiyar 'UK Investigations'.
SecureDrop
Idan za ka iya amfani da hanyar sadarwar Tor lafiya ba tare da an kalli ko sanya ido ba, za ka iya aika saƙonni da takardu zuwa Guardian ta hanyar dandalinmu na SecureDrop.
A ƙarshe, jagorarmu a theguardian.com/tips ya lissafa hanyoyi da yawa don tuntuɓar mu lafiya kuma ya tattauna fa'ida da rashin amfanin kowace hanya.
Nuna ƙari
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Daya daga cikin wakilan AAFS wani lauya ne na Washington, Jesse Binnall, wanda ya yi aiki da Trumps a shari'o'in siyasa. Hoton: Greg Nash/UPI/Shutterstock
Tun da Trump ya koma mulki a bara, Binnall ya sami sulhu na dala miliyan 1.25 daga Ma'aikatar Shari'a don Michael Flynn, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaron kasa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a wa'adin farko na shugaban kasa. Duk da yarda cewa ya yi wa FBI ƙarya game da tuntuɓar sirri da Rasha, Flynn ya yi iƙirarin cewa an tuhume shi ba daidai ba.
Binnall kuma ya san ɗan'uwan Flynn Joe, wani ɗan kasuwa na kiwon lafiya. Sun kasance abokan kamfen a ƙoƙarin lalata nasarar Biden. Flynn ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban daya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi samun kuɗi na motsi, America Project. Kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga kamfen na shugaban kasa na Trump na 2020 da 2024.
Fadar White House ta tura tambayoyi zuwa Ma'aikatar Jiha, wadda ta ce: "Bututun iskar gas na Southern Interconnection, wanda ya kasance fifiko [ga gwamnatin Amurka] a gwamnatoci uku da suka gabata, zai faɗaɗa da kuma bambanta bangaren makamashi na Bosnia da Herzegovina. Zai ba BiH iko mafi girma kan wadatar makamashinta ta hanyar samar da damar samun iskar gas na kasuwa da kuma rage dogaro da tushe guda, wanda ba shi da tabbas."
Flynn da Binnall ba a fayyace cancantarsu ga aikin more rayuwa na Balkans ba. Amma tun da suka shiga, aikin yana da cikakken goyon baya daga gwamnatin Trump.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Adireshin da AAFS ke bayarwa na ofishinsa na Washington yana tsakanin gidan cin abinci na Lebanon da wani mashaya Irish, kuma wata alama ta nuna shi ne wurin Binnall Law Group. Hoton: Joseph Gedeon/The Guardian
Babu tsarin tayin gasa
Tattaunawar farko ta Binnall, Flynn, da Bekan da jami'an Bosnia a bazarar da ta gabata ta shafi gyaran filayen jiragen sama guda biyu na dala miliyan 300. Sai jami'an Bosnia suka ba da shawarar su ɗauki wani aiki mafi girma: bututun Southern Interconnection.
Amurka ta dade tana goyon bayan shirin haɗa Bosnia zuwa tashar iskar gas a gabar tekun Croatia, wanda zai rage tasirin Vladimir Putin a kudancin Turai. A lokacin Biden, ra'ayin shi ne kamfanin iskar gas na Bosnia ya gudanar da aikin. Amma bukatun kabilun Bosnia masu hamayya sun haifar da jinkiri akai-akai.
Yayin da wasu jami'an Bosnia ke taka tsantsan game da mika aikin ga masu zaman kansu na kasashen waje, wasu sun ga daukar kamfani mai alaka da Trump a matsayin damar karya matsalar.
Lokaci yana kurewa. Bosnia 'yar takara ce ta shiga EU, kuma Brussels ta sanya ranar Satumba 2027 a matsayin ranar ƙarshe don dakatar da siyan iskar gas daga Rasha, wadda a halin yanzu ke ba da dukkan bukatun Bosnia.
Wasu manyan mutanen Bosnia sun yi la'akari cewa daukar kamfani na Amurka zai iya taimakawa ba kawai tsaron makamashi ba har ma da tsaro gaba ɗaya a yankin da yake har yanzu ana tunawa da yaki. Kamar yadda Bekan ya ce: "Gwamnatin Amurka tana kare zuba jarurinta."
Duk da haka, wasu manazarta suna tsoron Bosnia na iya musanya wani mai zalunci da wani. Babu wanda ya yarda ya yi kasada da fusatar da Trump, ko da yake wannan yana nufin suna sanya fatansu ga wani muhimmin bututun makamashi a cikin wani aikin da bai taba nuna zai iya yin aikin ba.
Jesse Binnall ya sami sulhu na dala miliyan 1.25 daga Ma'aikatar Shari'a don Michael Flynn, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaron kasa a wa'adin farko na shugaban kasa.
Hoton: Carolyn Kaster/AP
Lokacin da aka tambayi su wanene masu hannun jarin AAFS, Bekan ya ce Binnall da Flynn, da wasu da ba zai ambata ba. Ya nuna cewa kuɗin na iya fitowa daga "kudaden zuba jari a Amurka," amma ya ce ba zai iya ba da ƙarin bayani ba.
Binnall ya ce: "Mu ne ƙungiyar da ta dace don wannan. Babu wata ƙungiya da ke da kasancewa a ƙasa a Bosnia da kuma goyon baya mai ƙarfi a Amurka. Muna farin cikin ɗaukar wannan mataki saboda mun yi imani Bosnia da Herzegovina ita ce gaba."
Wani shirin AAFS na sirri da Guardian ya gani ya ce bututun zai ci Yuro miliyan 300 (£260 miliyan), tare da ƙarin Yuro miliyan 900 (£780 miliyan) don tashoshin wutar lantarki guda uku. Kudin zai fito daga hannun jari da bashi, ba daga jihar Bosnia ba. Bai faɗi abin da Flynn, Binnall, da sauran da ke ciki ke tsammanin riba ga kansu ba.
A watan Maris, sabuwar doka ta Bosnia ta sanya AAFS a matsayin dan kwangilar bututun. Babu wani tayin gasa, wanda shine hanyar da aka saba don tabbatar da cewa kwangiloli sun tafi ga mai tayin da ya dace a farashi mai kyau.
Transparency International ta ce: "Kafa irin wannan al'ada a cikin ƙasa mai ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman matakan cin hanci a Turai zai haifar da sakamako mai muni wajen aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci na dabara kamar bututun iskar gas na Southern Interconnection."
Kwanaki bayan haka, kamar yadda Guardian ya bayyana, jakadan EU ya gargaɗi shugabannin Bosnia a asirce cewa ya kamata su tuntuɓi Brussels kan duk wani canji ga manufofin makamashi, don "guje wa rasa damar samun ƙarin haɗin kai, da kuma damar kuɗi."
Amurka ba ta ja da baya ba. "Wannan haɗin gwiwa yana ƙarfafa 'yancin kai na makamashi kuma yana kawo ƙarshen dogaro da iskar gas na Rasha," ofishin jakadancinta a Sarajevo ya saka a X a watan Afrilu. "Wani sabon zamani na tsaron makamashi a Yammacin Balkans ya fara."
Amma duk wani sabon zamani ba zai fara ba har sai an gina Southern Interconnection. Don hakan ya faru, gwamnatin Trump za ta buƙaci abota da wani mutum da ke son raba ƙasar.
Wani mai kishin ƙasa yana son yaga yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya
Milorad Dodik, shugaban 'yan Serbia na Bosnia mai kishin ƙasa, har kwanan nan ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda aka yi watsi da shi daga Washington.
Gwamnatin Biden ta zargi Dodik da yin amfani da mukaminsa na jama'a "don tara dukiya ta sirri ta hanyar cin hanci, rashawa, da sauran nau'ikan cin hanci" kuma ta faɗaɗa takunkumi a kansa da iyalinsa. "Kalmomin sa na kabilanci da kishin ƙasa suna nuna ƙoƙarinsa na ... karkatar da hankali daga ayyukansa na cin hanci," in ji wata sanarwa ta Baitulmalin Amurka. Dodik ya kira takunkumin "ƙarya."
Lokacin da Trump ya koma shugabanci, Dodik ya ƙaddamar da wani kamfen na neman goyon baya na miliyoyin daloli don samun goyon bayan gwamnatin Trump da kuma ɗaga takunkumin. Masu neman goyon baya sun nuna 'yan kishin ƙasa na Dodik a matsayin abokan Trump a kan Musulunci. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne Michael Flynn, wanda ya sami $100,000 don aikin wata guda.
A watan Oktoba, ba tare da bayani ba, gwamnatin Trump ta ɗaga takunkumin. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Donald Trump Jr., wanda ke kula da daular kasuwancin iyali, ya sauka a Banja Luka, babban birni a yankin Serbia na Bosnia, don wani taron a girmamawarsa.
Dan Dodik, Igor, ya yi wa Trump Jr. maraba mai kyau. "Kasancewarka yana nufin abubuwa da yawa," in ji shi. "Mun dogara da kai kuma mun dogara da kai. A madadin haka, kai, Amurka, da gwamnatin Republican da mahaifinka ke jagoranta za su sami amintaccen, mai gaskiya, kuma Kirista aboki a wannan yanki na duniya."
Michael Murphy, tsohon jakadan Amurka a Bosnia, ya ce Dodik yana ƙoƙarin samun tagomashi a cikin da'irar Trump yayin da yake neman yaga yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta 1995 ta hanyar ayyana yankin Serbian a matsayin mai cin gashin kansa. "Yana son su goyi bayan babban shirinsa. Don hakan ya faru, ba zai iya yin rikici da bututun ba." Ya ƙara da cewa waɗanda ke goyon bayansa "suna wasa da wuta."
A karkashin tsarin raba madafun iko na Bosnia, 'yan Serbia na iya toshe bututun. Dodik, wanda ya ci gaba da zama shugabansu ko da ya sauka daga mukaminsa na hukuma, yana da kowane dalili na yin hakan. Kamar Viktor Orbán na Hungary da aka ci nasara kwanan nan, Dodik abokin Putin ne. Ba wai kawai bututun Bosnia na yanzu yana kawo iskar gas na Rasha ba, yana ƙara tasirin Putin a Balkans, amma kuma yana bi ta yankin Serbia, yana ba su iko kan wadatar makamashi.
Duk da haka, wani babban ɗan siyasa na 'yan Serbia na Bosnia ya ce: "Na ga wannan da kaina: Amurkawa a nan suna da fifiko ɗaya, kuma shi ne bututun. Suna da matuƙar mahimmanci game da shi. An gaya wa Dodik, kamar kowa: Kada ku yi rikici da wannan aikin."
Trump Jr. bai ambaci bututun ko AAFS ba a taron nasa. Amma ya yaba da fa'idar siyan iskar gas na Amurka. "Wannan ba shi da hankali," in ji shi. "Za ku iya magance matsaloli da yawa - duka a kasuwanci da kuma, a gaskiya, a siyasar duniya - da wannan batu ɗaya. Ina ganin babbar dama ce."
A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, jim kadan bayan ziyarar Trump Jr., Dodik ya nuna ba zai toshe shirin Binnall da Flynn ba. Wannan ya bar kamfen na abokan Trump na ɗaukar wani muhimmin aikin makamashi na Turai ya kusa kammala.
Ƙarin rahoto daga Joseph Gedeon a Washington.
