Filin kotun ya yi shiru amma cike da tashin hankali, sai dai ƙarar ruwan kyamarori da ke karya shirun yayin da ɗimbin 'yan jarida suka mai da hankali kan benci. An kira wani taron manema labarai na musamman bayan da aka nuna wani shirin gaskiya a ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata, wanda ke zargin cewa manyan matakan tsarin shari'a na Romania sun cika da cin hanci da rashawa.
Zaune a benci na Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bucharest shugabanta, Liana Arsenie, tare da mataimakan shugabanta biyu a gefenta. A bayansu, alkalai kusan 30 ne suka tsaya don nuna goyon baya.
Sa'an nan, Raluca Moroșanu, wadda ita ma alkali ce a kotun, ta shiga ɗakin kuma ta nemi yin magana kafin a fara taron manema labarai. "Ana tsoratar da mu kawai," in ji ta cikin murya mai natsuwa, tana karya layi tare da shugabancin da ke kusa da ita. "Ba zan iya kwatanta yanayin nan ba, yadda ya zama mai guba da tashin hankali."
Bayan ta faɗi maganarta, ta fice daga kotun sanye da rigunanta yayin da wasu suka tafa mata hannu da kuma fuskokin alkalai 'yan uwanta da suka yi kama.
Shigowar Moroșanu ta kasance don nuna goyon baya ga wani abokin aikinta da aka yi wa hari bayan ya fito a cikin shirin gaskiya na kafar Romania Recorder. Fim ɗin ya yi zargin cewa wata ƙungiyar manyan alkalai da 'yan siyasa sun "kame" tsarin shari'a na Romania. "Duk abin da ya faɗa gaskiya ne, kuma idan wani ya saba masa, ƙarya ce," in ji ta a cikin jawabinta. Watannin da suka gabata, an gabatar da abokin aikinta ga shari'ar ladabtarwa kan maganganun da ya yi a cikin shirin gaskiya.
Fim ɗin ya yi amfani da shaidun da ba kasafai ba daga masu gabatar da kara da alkalai don yin zargin cewa ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da dabarun gudanarwa don jinkirta yanke hukunci a manyan laifukan cin hanci har sai sun ƙare a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙarewa.
Sakamakon ya kasance nan take: dubban 'yan Romania sun fito kan tituna, kuma alkalai da masu gabatar da kara kusan 900 sun sanya hannu kan wata budaddiyar wasika tana gargadin "matsaloli masu zurfi da tsari." Amma watanni shida bayan haka, har yanzu ba a sami wani gyara mai ma'ana ba, kuma zarge-zargen na ci gaba da taruwa.
Watannin da suka gabata, kafofin bincike Rise Project da PressOne sun yi zargin cewa Lia Savonea—wadda yanzu ita ce shugabar kotun koli—ta wanke wani dan daba da aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru bakwai na fashi yayin da take mallakar fili tare da kawunsa a lokacin da take shugabar Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bucharest shekaru 12 da suka gabata. Wannan wani zargin cin karo da bukatu ne da ba ta bayyana ba. Ta musanta zarge-zargen, tana mai cewa wani bangare ne na "yakin batanci" a kanta, "wanda ya dogara da haɗin kai da hasashe game da mutane da yanayin da ba su da alaƙa ta gaske." Ta ce an "yi wa zarge-zargen bincike" kuma ba a sami wani laifi ba.
A farkon wannan wata, Shugaban Romania Nicușor Dan ya zurfafa rashin jin daɗin jama'a game da tsarin shari'a ta hanyar amincewa da jerin nadin masu gabatar da kara masu rigima, duk da ƙin yarda daga mai kula da shari'a da kungiyoyin farar hula.
Daga cikin waɗanda aka nada akwai Marius Voineag, tsohon shugaban hukumar yaki da cin hanci ta kasa—wani mutum da Dan ya soki a lokacin yakin neman zabe kuma masu gabatar da kara a shirin Recorder suka zarge shi da tsoma baki a cikin bincike masu mahimmanci. Voineag ya musanta aikata ba daidai ba kuma ya ki yin tsokaci.
Rikicin yana faruwa ne a kan wani yanayi da ya riga ya kasance mara kwanciyar hankali. A shekarar 2024, kotun tsarin mulki ta Romania ta soke zaben shugaban kasa bisa zargin tsoma bakin Rasha, wani yanke shawara da ya zurfafa rashin amincewar jama'a ga cibiyoyin kasar.
Sakamakon da ya taru yana bayyana a cikin kuri'un jin ra'ayi. Wani bincike a wannan shekara ya gano cewa bakwai cikin goma na 'yan Romania ba su amince da tsarin shari'a ba, kuma fiye da rabi sun yi imanin cewa ba a aiwatar da doka daidai ba.
Ga Moroșanu, babu wani abu daga cikin wannan da yake mamaki. A wata hira da jaridar Guardian, ta yi magana a fili game da girman rikicin. Kamar yadda take gani. "Yanzu muna cikin mafi munin lokaci da tsarin shari'a na Romania ya taɓa kasancewa a cikin shekaru 26 na aikina," in ji ta. "Yawancin alkalai masu adalci ne, ƙwararru, kuma masu aiki tuƙuru. Abin da muke gani ba cin hanci ne mai yaduwa ba—cin hanci ne a saman tsarin."
Moroșanu ta yi aiki a matsayin alkali sama da shekaru 25 kuma ta shafe 19 daga cikinsu a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bucharest, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kotuna na kasar. Tana yanke hukunci da yawa na ƙarshe a manyan laifukan cin hanci.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu manyan shari'o'in cin hanci da suka shafi 'yan siyasa da 'yan kasuwa sun rushe saboda dokar ƙarewa ta ƙare. Wannan ya faru ne saboda jinkirin da ake yi a shari'o'in kotu, ko da akwai shaida mai ƙarfi—ciki har da saƙon waya inda ake zargin waɗanda ake tuhuma sun yarda da aikata ba daidai ba.
"Tsarin shari'a yana cikin rikici mai zurfi saboda ƙungiyoyi sun kafa kansu a cikin manyan kotuna kuma sun karɓi gudanarwar gudanarwa," in ji Laura Ștefan, ƙwararriyar yaki da cin hanci a Cibiyar Nazarin Expert Forum ta Romania.
Andreea Pocotilă, ɗaya daga cikin marubutan shirin gaskiya, ta yi zargin cewa shugabancin kotu ya sake sanya shari'o'i zuwa sabbin kwamitocin shari'a akai-akai kafin yanke hukunci. Wannan ya tilasta sake fara shari'o'i da sake sauraron shaidu har sai shari'o'in sun ƙare.
Mambobin Babban Majalisar Alkalai—mai kula da 'yancin shari'a wanda ke kula da ayyukan shari'a—an zarge su da haɗin kai. "Amma wa ya kamata ya kare mu daga mai kula?" in ji Andrea Chiș, tsohon memba na majalisar kuma alkali mai ritaya.
A cikin wata sanarwa, majalisar ta yi watsi da zarge-zargen, tana mai cewa ma'aikatan shari'a na Romania sun fuskanci "hari da ba a taɓa gani ba" da nufin lalata sunansu ta hanyar zargin cin hanci na tsari. Ta kara da cewa binciken cikin gida bai sami wata shaida da za ta goyi bayan zarge-zargen a cikin shirin Recorder ba.
Chiș ta yi jayayya a cikin wani bincike na 2023 cewa gyare-gyaren shari'a sun tattara iko a hannun shugabancin kotu ta hanyar faɗaɗa ikonsu da raunana kulawa, suna haifar da tsarin iko mai kama da dala. Duk da suka, gyare-gyaren sun jagoranci EU ta ɗauke tsarin sa ido kan bin doka.
"Kuskure ne a ɗauke tsarin," in ji Chiș. "Bai yi kyau ga tsarin shari'ar mu ba, kuma ya cire matsin lamba kan waɗanda ke kan mulki."
Masu lura da al'amura sun ce gyare-gyare na jere sun bar wata hanya mai inganci don gurfanar da alkalai masu cin hanci, kuma ƙoƙarin hukunta laifuka bai haifar da kusan wani hukunci ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
"Yarjejeniya ce ta shiru tsakanin 'yan siyasa da manyan alkalai don toshe hukunta cin hanci a cikin tsarin shari'a, yayin da 'yan siyasa, su ma, suka sami kariya," in ji Ștefan.
A matsayinta na shugabar Kotun Koli kuma tsohuwar shugabar Majalisar Alkalai, an zargi Savonea da kasancewa wani muhimmin sashi na wannan tsarin iko da ake zargin.
A cikin wata sanarwa, Savonea ta ce zarge-zargen "wani bangare ne na yakin batanci da lalata suna, ta hanyar gurbata gaskiyar al'amura da haɗa labaran da ba su da wata shaida."
Ta kara da cewa: "Ina kuma jaddada cewa babu wani bincike ko zargi game da wani tsoma baki a cikin gudanar da shari'a daga gare ni. A gaskiya, waɗannan zarge-zargen ba su dogara da zarge-zarge kawai ba—sun dogara da fassarori na hasashe waɗanda ke ƙarewa da kalubalantar tsarin cibiyoyin shari'a kanta. Wannan tsarin, duk da haka, an gina shi bisa mafi tsananin ƙa'idodin Turai, ciki har da game da hanyoyin gasa da hanyoyin cike mukamai na jama'a, bisa la'akari da bin doka, gaskiya, da..."Arsenie, shugabar kotun daukaka kara, ita ma ta musanta zarge-zargen. Ta zargi 'yan jaridar da suka yi shirin gaskiya da "tada hankali ga tsarin tsarin mulki" – ɗaya daga cikin manyan laifuka a kundin laifuka na Romania, kama da tawaye. Ta ƙi amsa buƙatar hira daga jaridar Guardian.
Fushin ya zube kan tituna. Raluca Kișescu, ƙwararriyar talla wadda ta shiga zanga-zangar a shekarar da ta gabata, ta yi imanin cewa amana tana lalacewa ba za a iya gyara ba. "Dimokuradiyya ba tare da adalci ba labari ne mai ƙarshe mai ban tausayi," in ji ta. "Yana jin kamar mu beraye ne a cikin gwaje-gwajen girgiza wutar lantarki: muna saba da kowane sabon girgiza daga shirin Recorder, muna magana game da shi tare da abokanmu, sa'an nan kuma ya ɓace."
Tun bayan da ta yi magana, Moroșanu ta ce an cire ta daga shari'o'i biyu saboda wasu alkalai sun yi jayayya cewa sukar da ta yi wa Arsenie a bainar jama'a ya nuna rashin tausayi.
Duk da haka, ba ta yi nadamar yin magana ba. "Har yanzu akwai damar cewa abubuwa na iya canzawa idan wani abu ya faru a wannan shekara," in ji ta, "amma idan babu abin da ya canza yanzu, abubuwa ba za su taɓa canzawa ba."
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da zargin cin hanci a tsarin shari'a na Romania an rubuta su cikin yanayi na halitta tare da amsoshi bayyanannu kuma a takaice.
Tambayoyin Matakin Farko
1. Menene ma'anar "Yana da guba" a cikin wannan mahallin?
Yana nufin jin daɗin jama'a da ya yadu cewa tsarin shari'a na Romania ya gurbata da cin hanci, yana sa ba zai yiwu a amince cewa za a yi adalci daidai ba.
2. Menene babban zargi a Romania a yanzu?
Babban zargi shi ne cewa manyan alkalai, masu gabatar da kara, da 'yan siyasa suna da hannu a cikin wata hanyar cin hanci, tasiri, da yarjejeniyoyin sirri don kare masu iko daga gurfanarwa.
3. Wanene ke zargin wanene?
Masu gabatar da kara na yaki da cin hanci suna zargin manyan jami'ai a ma'aikatan shari'a da gwamnati. A bi da bi, wasu daga cikin waɗannan jami'an suna zargin masu gabatar da kara da wuce gona da iri da son zuciya ta siyasa.
4. Wannan sabuwar matsala ce ga Romania?
A'a, cin hanci ya kasance matsala mai dadewa a Romania, amma waɗannan zarge-zargen na musamman sun haifar da babban rikicin siyasa saboda suna kaiwa ga mutanen da ya kamata su yaki cin hanci kai tsaye.
5. Me ya sa zan damu da wannan idan ba na zaune a Romania ba?
Yana da mahimmanci saboda Romania memba ce ta EU. Tsarin shari'a mara kyau na iya nufin ana amfani da kudaden EU ba daidai ba, ba a aiwatar da dokoki, kuma yana kafa misali mara kyau ga bin doka a duk Turai.
Tambayoyin Matsakaicin Mataki
6. Menene misalan musamman na halayen guba a cikin tsarin shari'a?
Misalai sun haɗa da alkalai suna karɓar cin hanci don yanke wa masu laifi hukunci mara nauyi, masu gabatar da kara suna watsi da shari'o'i a kan abokan siyasa, da ganawar sirri tsakanin 'yan siyasa da alkalai don tsara dabarun shari'a.
7. Menene DNA kuma me ya sa yake cikin labarai?
DNA ita ce hukumar yaki da cin hanci ta Romania. Tana cikin labarai saboda ita ce hukumar da ke yin zargin cin hanci, kuma wasu 'yan siyasa suna ƙoƙarin raunana ikonta a mayar da martani.
8. Ta yaya zarge-zargen ke shafar gwamnatin Romania?
Sun haifar da zanga-zangar jama'a da yawa, kira ga murabus, da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin waɗanda ke goyon bayan yakin yaki da cin hanci da waɗanda ke cewa ya zama makamin siyasa.
9. Menene "kamewar shari'a" ko "kamewar jiha"?
Yana nufin lokacin da bukatun masu zaman kansu suka karɓi ikon tsarin shari'a don amfanin kansu.
