"Idan na kama kifin shark da gangan, ina ba da shi ga karnuka na," in ji Henrik Jensen, ɗan shekara 27 daga yammacin gabar tekun Greenland. "Ba na sake shi saboda kifin shark yana cin zarafi na kuma yana yanke layukan kamun kifi na."
Jensen ya yi kamun kifi na halibut a Ilulissat, birni na uku mafi girma a Greenland, tsawon shekaru goma. Yana aiki awa ɗaya arewa da babbar masakar kamun kifi ta birnin, wadda ke cike da tsaunukan kankara kuma tana tallafa wa kusan masunta 400. A can, halibut sun fi girma kuma sun fi yawa, amma haka ma kifin shark na Greenland suke.
"A wannan shekara na yi asarar kusan ƙugiya 6,000 gaba ɗaya. Wani lokaci muna asarar krone 30,000 na Danish [£3,440] a rana," in ji Jensen.
Kifin shark na Greenland yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da ba a fahimta sosai a duniya. Shi ne kifin shark mafi jinkiri a duniya kuma na biyu mafi girma cikin kifin shark masu cin nama bayan babban fari, a cewar Shark Trust. Yana iya kaiwa tsawon mita shida zuwa bakwai kuma yana iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 400. Tsawon lokaci, an yi tsammanin ya kasance makaho gaba ɗaya, ko da yake masana kimiyya sun gano kwanan nan cewa wannan ba gaskiya ba ne.
Kifin shark suna rayuwa a cikin yanki mai faɗi a cikin ruwa mai zurfi da sanyi na arewa da yammacin Tekun Atlantika. Amma lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin cin abinci daga babban abin da ake kamawa a masakun kamun kifi na arewa — halibut na Greenland da cod na Atlantika — sau da yawa suna shiga cikin kayan kamun kifi kuma a kawo su a matsayin kama na bazata.
An rubuta wannan zaman tare mara daɗi tun lokacin da aka kawo ƙarshen kamun kifi da aka yi niyya don man hanta na kifin shark a shekarun 1960, amma ya kai kololuwa a farkon wannan shekara. Gundumar Avannaata, wadda Ilulissat ke zama cibiyar gudanarwa, ta amince da wani shiri mai rikici na kashe kifin shark 1,000, tana bayar da krone 300 ga kowane zuciyar kifin shark na Greenland.
Lars Erik Gabrielsen, magajin gundumar, ya ce: "Muna buƙatar kare kuɗin shiga na masunta da kama kifi domin mu ci gaba da cin abincin da muka dogara da shi tsawon tsararraki."
Ga da yawa waɗanda suke kamun kifi a bakin teku a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a kan kwale-kwale, wannan ya kawo matsala da ta daɗe zuwa kololuwa. Timotheus Petersen, shugaban ƙungiyar masunta a Kullorsuaq, ya ce: "Layukan mu masu tsayi suna da tsada — ɗaya yana kashe krone 1,599. Lokacin da kifin shark suka yanke layukan mu, ba za mu iya kammala kamun kifi ba. Dole ne mu kashe ƙarin kuɗi mu sayi sabbin kayan aiki."
An yi watsi da shirin a ƙarshe bayan gwamnati ta yi tambaya game da halaccinsa, amma yiwuwar kashewa nan gaba ya kasance.
A cikin amincewa da kashewar, majalisar Avannaata ta ambaci irin wannan shiri daga farkon shekarun 2000 a tsohuwar gundumar Aasiaat, inda aka bayar da lada na krone 200. A cewar rahoton 2007 daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Danish, wani shiri tsakanin 1986 da 2001 a tsohuwar gundumar Uummannaq ya kawo zukata 19,697.
Amma ƙungiyar kare muhallin ruwa ta Oceans North Kalaallit Nunaat (ONKN) tana jayayya cewa kashewa ba ya magance matsalar, tana nuni ga yanayin ƙaura na nau'in — yana iya yin iyo har mil 1,200 (km 2,000) a shekara. "Kifin shark da aka cire a arewa maso yammacin Greenland za a maye gurbinsu da sauri da waɗanda suka zo daga wasu yankuna," ONKN ta yi gargaɗi.
Masunta da yawa kuma ba sa tunanin krone 300 ya cancanci ƙoƙarin jawo kifin shark a cikin jirgi. "Yana da wahala a kama su," in ji Jensen. "Kuna buƙatar manyan ƙugiya da sarƙoƙi don layukan, don haka ba na tsammanin kowa yana son gwadawa."
Amma muhawarar game da yiwuwar kashewa tana damun masu kare muhalli. "Idan wani ya ce, 'Zan kashe kifin shark na Greenland dubu biyu,' wannan bala'i ne a ganina," in ji Farfesa Nick Dulvy, masanin kare muhallin ruwa a Jami'ar Simon Fraser a British Columbia.
An yi imanin cewa kifin shark na Greenland yana balaga ta hanyar jima'i a shekara 150, wanda ke nufin nau'in yana maye gurbin kansa a hankali sosai kuma ba zai dawo da sauri daga kashewa ba. Har yanzu yana murmurewa daga kamun kifi da aka yi niyya wanda ya ci gaba a cikin ƙarni na 19 da tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, wanda ya kai kololuwa a 1948 lokacin da aka kama 58,000. "Wataƙila su ne — a ilimin halitta — nau'in da ya fi damuwa da kamun kifi fiye da kima a cikin teku," in ji Dulvy. A duniya, an kiyasta ana kama kifin shark 3,500 kowace shekara a matsayin kama na bazata, kuma yawan jama'a na ci gaba da raguwa. Al'ummar masunta ta Greenland tana nuni ga matsalarsu da ta daɗe da kifin shark amma ba ta bayyana dalilin da ya sa ta tsananta ba zato ba tsammani. Jenseeraq Poulsen, darektan ONKN, ya ba da shawara cewa yana faruwa ne saboda karuwar matsin lamba a cikin masana'antar kamun kifi wadda ke da kusan kashi 25% na GDP na Greenland. "Idan kowane kifin shark na Greenland a Baffin Bay ya ɓace gobe, masakar kamun kifi ta bakin teku a Avannaata za ta ci gaba da fuskantar jiragen ruwa da yawa da ke aiki da kaso a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, hauhawar farashi da babu wata hanyar aiki ta dabam," in ji shi. "Lokacin da riba ba ta da yawa, matsala da ta daɗe tana zama marar jurewa." Ko da yake farashin halibut na ci gaba da hauhawa, a cewar Cibiyar Albarkatun Halitta ta Greenland, matsakaicin girman kifin yana raguwa kowace shekara. Yayin da Jensen ya ce har yanzu yana iya samun rayuwa mai kyau daga kamun kifi, ya bayyana cewa yana sa ƙugiya kaɗan kuma yana kawo kifi kaɗan, yana nuna cewa wannan yana faruwa ne saboda kamun kifi fiye da kima da jiragen ruwa masu jan taratun ke yi. Ga wasu daga cikin waɗanda suke kamun kifi a waɗannan ruwayen, duk da haka, kifin shark ba shi ne babban dalilin asarar kayan aiki ba. "Akwai ƙarin 'layukan fatalwa' kuma suna da nauyi sosai ba za a iya jawo su da injin da muke amfani da shi ba," in ji Jensen. Layukan fatalwa sune kayan aikin da aka jefar ko aka ɓata waɗanda za su iya haɗuwa da sabbin layuka, suna karya kayan aiki da kama rayuwar teku. Halibut Greenland, wani kamfani na sarrafa kifi mallakar haɗin gwiwa a Ilulissat, yana bayar da kuɗi don tsaftace kayan aikin fatalwa a yankin, wanda ONKN ke ganin ya fi kashe kifin shark tasiri. Poulsen kuma ya ba da shawara ga shirin biyan diyya na asarar kayan aiki, da kuma gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da kuɗi na magungunan da ke hana kifin shark. Rebekka Nygård Bak, mai ba da shawara ga Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi, Farauta, Noma da Dogaro da Kai ta Greenland, ta ba da shawara cewa sabbin ka'idojin kayan aiki masu dacewa da kama na bazata na iya zama mafita. Ta ce yaƙin neman zaɓe don ingantaccen rahoton kama na bazata kuma zai kasance mabuɗi ga kowane mataki na gaba. Ga Poulsen, kifin shark da waɗanda suke kamun kifi a waɗannan ruwayen sune sassa biyu na yanayin muhalli ɗaya, suna fuskantar karuwar matsin lamba a cikin tekuna masu canzawa. "Kifin shark shine sigar da ake iya gani, ta zahiri na matsala wadda ainihin abubuwan da ke haddasa ta na tsarin," in ji shi.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi Greenland na Muhawara kan Makomar Kifin Shark Mafi Jinkiri a Duniya
Tambayoyi na Farko
Wane kifin shark ne Greenland ke muhawara
Kifin shark na Greenland — babban kifin shark mai zurfi da sanyi da ake samu a Arewacin Atlantika da Arctic. An san shi da girma a hankali sosai da rayuwa tsawon ƙarni
Me ya sa ake kiransa kifin shark mafi jinkiri a duniya
Saboda yana iyo a hankali sosai kuma yana girma da balaga a hankali ƙwarai. An kiyasta wasu mutane suna rayuwa shekaru 300-500
Menene ma'anar kashewa
Kashewa yana nufin kashe adadin dabbobi da gangan a cikin jama'a yawanci don rage yawansu ko magance matsala
Me ya sa wani zai so kashe kifin shark na Greenland
Magoya baya suna jayayya cewa rage yawan kifin shark zai iya sauƙaƙa gasar neman kifi, rage kifin shark da ake kamawa a matsayin kama na bazata ko kare wasu nau'ikan teku. Waɗannan gardama ana jayayya da su
Me ya sa mutane suke adawa da kashe su
Saboda kifin shark suna girma da haihuwa a hankali ƙwarai har cire kaɗan zai iya cutar da jama'a tsawon shekaru da yawa ko ƙarni. Da yawa kuma suna ganin kashewa a matsayin rashin tausayi da haɗari ga muhalli
Shin kifin shark na Greenland suna cikin haɗari
A halin yanzu an jera su a matsayin masu rauni a duniya, ma'ana suna fuskantar babban haɗarin ƙarewa a daji
Tambayoyi na Tsakiya
Me ya sa kifin shark na Greenland suka fi fuskantar haɗari ga kashewa
Suna balaga a ƙarshen lokaci, suna haihuwa a hankali kuma suna da 'ya'ya kaɗan. Jama'a ba za su iya maye gurbin dabbobin da aka kashe da sauri ba
Shin kifin shark na Greenland haƙiƙa barazana ne ga masakun kamun kifi
Ana kama shi a matsayin kama na bazata a cikin kayan kamun kifi kuma yana iya lalata kama, amma ba shi ne babban mafarauci na kifin da ke da darajar kasuwanci ba. Ana jayayya kan girman tasirinsa
Me masana kimiyya suke cewa game da kashewa
Yawancin masanan ilimin kifin shark suna adawa da shi, suna gargaɗi cewa ba zai dore ba kuma zai iya haifar da lalacewa na dogon lokaci ga nau'in da har yanzu ba mu san shi sosai ba
Wadanne hanyoyi madadin kashewa ake tattaunawa
Kayan aikin rage kama na bazata, gyaggyaran kayan kamun kifi, kariya ta yanki, ingantaccen sa ido da ayyukan kamun kifi mai dorewa
Shin an taɓa amincewa da kashewa
A'a, ba a aiwatar da babban kashewa ba. Muhawarar na ci gaba musamman a Greenland da tsakanin al'ummomin masunta na Arctic
Tambayoyi na Ci Gaba
Ta yaya masana kimiyya suke kiyasta shekarun kifin shark na Greenland
Musamman ta hanyar auna shekarun carbon na sunadaran ruwan ido tunda kifin shark ba su da sifofi masu tauri kamar otoliths da ake amfani da su ga sauran kifi
