Tafsirin rubutu daga Turanci zuwa Hausa:
David Hockney ya canza duniya kawai ta hanyar kallonta. Fasaharsa ta kasance bikin farin ciki na gani mai tsafta—doguwar liyafa mai daɗi na gani. Ya kasance mutumin da ya sami abin mamaki a cikin furanni a cikin kwano da kuma manyan hanyoyi masu hasken rana, kuma yana ci gaba da tunanin sababbin hanyoyi don ɗaukar irin waɗannan taskoki masu wucewa a cikin hotuna. Bai taɓa zama a zuciyarsa cewa hanyar kallonsa tana da juyin juya hali ba. Duk abin da ya damu shi ne gaskiya. Amma babu wanda ya taɓa ɗaukar kallo da jin duniyar zamani da irin wannan yarda a baya. Yana da kamala mai sauƙi kamar Beatles—kamar yadda suka ɗauki sautin duniyar zamani, shi ma ya ɗauki kallonta.
Abu mafi bayyana game da Hockney shi ne cewa yana son Los Angeles. Inda wasu za su iya ganin hargitsi mara hankali, ya ga 'yanci da yuwuwa a ƙarƙashin sama mai shuɗi mara hukunci. Ƙananan gidaje masu kofofin baranda waɗanda ke haskakawa babu komai, dogayen itatuwan dabino masu sirara da ƙananan kawunansu, farin fantsama na mai nutsewa yana buga ruwa—California na Hockney hangen nesa ne na aljanna. Shi ne Matisse na pop art, kuma A Bigger Splash shine amsar shekarun 1960 ga bayanin jin daɗi na Matisse na 1904, Luxe, Calme et Volupté.
Pop art sau da yawa yana da gefen baƙin ciki, mai faɗi kamar Chevrolet. Yawancin manyan mutanensa—Richard Hamilton, Andy Warhol, Gerhard Richter—ba magoya baya ba ne amma masu sukar sabuwar al'ummar mabukaci ta Yamma da ke tasowa a shekarar 1960. Sai Hockney ya zo. Ya girma a cikin yanayin masana'antu mai baƙin hayaƙi na Bradford, ya zama matashin mai fasaha wanda ba shi da son tsoho ko kuma girman kai. Ayyukansa na farko, waɗanda ya yi lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Royal College of Art a London, sun yarda da rayuwar zamani ba tare da izgili ko akida ba, amma kawai saboda ita ce rayuwarsa: daga fitilun tebur zuwa rawa zuwa yin wanka, me ya sa ba zai nuna yadda tsaransa ke rayuwa ba?
Kasancewarsa ɗan luwaɗi wani ɓangare ne na gaskiyar da ya rayu kuma ya zana. Ba abu mai girma ba ne, kuma zai ji haushi idan muka tuna da shi a matsayin "ɗan fasaha na farko da ya fito fili a Biritaniya." Daidai ne hotonsa mai annashuwa da rashin damuwa na jima'i wanda ba bisa doka ba a farkon shekarun 1960 a Biritaniya ya sa fasaharsa ta zama mai tayar da hankali cikin sauƙi. Daga zanensa mai fantsama na 1960–61 Doll Boy, wanda ya furta sha'awarsa ga Cliff Richard ("mai kyau sosai, mai sha'awa sosai"), zuwa hoton 1968 mai natsuwa na ma'aurata manya da masu ƙarfin zuciya, Christopher Isherwood da Don Bachardy, ci gaban fasaha na Hockney a cikin wannan shekaru goma na juyin juya hali ya shafi neman salon da ya dace don nuna rayuwar ɗan luwaɗi kamar yadda take.
Duk da haka Hockney ba ya zama kawai mai shiga cikin sabuwar duniya mai 'yanci da cikawa da ya nema a London mai motsi—kuma ya samu a California. Shi ma mai kallo ne, kuma mai san kansa sosai. Lokacin da ya fara ziyartar Amurka a 1961, ya yi rikodin tafiyar cikin ban dariya a cikin jerin kwafi da aka yi bisa ga The Rake's Progress na William Hogarth. Rake mai tabarau, mai ƙasƙantar da kai shi ne Hockney da kansa, yana sha'awar Amurka kuma yana mamakinta yayin da ya gano akwai yanayin ɗan luwaɗi kuma ya ƙare yana kewaye da kwafin masu sanya wando jeans suna sauraron kiɗan pop a kan belun kunne (wannan kusan shekaru 60 da suka wuce: Hockney ya riga ya yi hoton yadda muke rayuwa yanzu, tun a lokacin).
A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, wani shuru mai ban tsoro ya ɗauki zanensa yayin da ya ƙara zama mai kallo a fili. Kaɗaicin kallo shine jigon abin da zai iya zama mafi girman zanensa, Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures). Tabbas shine mafi tsada, wanda aka sayar a 2018 akan dala miliyan 90.3. A cikin wannan babban zane na 1972—aiki mai haske kusan na sufanci—wani saurayi sanye da jaket ruwan hoda yana tsaye kusa da wani tafkin waje, yana kallon mai ninkaya wanda fatarsa mai haske ke kyalkyali a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai shuɗi mai haske. Don ba da irin cikakkun bayanai na tsegumi da Hockney ya ƙi, mutumin da ke gefen tafkin shine Peter Schlesinger, kuma zanen yana ɗaukar ƙarshen dangantakarsu—rauni wanda ya ba shi iko mai raɗaɗi. Hangen aljanna… Hockney a gida a Malibu, California, a 1991. Hoton: Paul Harris/Getty Images
Amma ko da yake kallo na iya zama aiki na kaɗaici, shi ma farin ciki ne. Yana da kusan abin kunya a yarda cewa, duk da duk wani tashin hankali na tunani a cikin wannan zanen, haske mai walƙiya na tsaunuka masu launi da rana a bayan tafkin yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Irin waɗannan abubuwan gani sun ɗauki hankalin Hockney, kuma fasaharsa tana raba wannan mamaki. Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa mafi abin tunawa sune zane-zane masu sauƙi: zanensa na 1972 Mount Fuji and Flowers, ko kuma kyakkyawan nazarinsa na tukunyar shayi mai rauni da aka saita a gaban teku mai tashin hankali, Breakfast at Malibu, Sunday 1989.
A cikin waɗannan guda biyu, an sanya hotuna masu laushi na rayuwa kusa da manyan hotuna masu ban mamaki na yanayi. Irin wannan wasa na tarihin fasaha—a nan, yana fafatawa da Chardin da Turner ko Hokusai—wanda Hockney zai iya yi cikin sauƙi saboda yana da sha'awar yadda salon fasaha ke canzawa yana tsara yadda muke ganin duniya. Babu wani abu mara hankali game da gaskiyarsa. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan jaruman shi ne Picasso. Ba wai kawai ya yi tunanin haduwa tsakanin su biyu a cikin kyakkyawan kwaikwayon salon zane na Picasso ba, har ma, a cikin gwaji mai nisa daga zanensa, ya yi ƙoƙarin amfani da ra'ayoyin cubist na Picasso zuwa hoto. Tsarinsa na hoto mai yawa, wanda ke nufin ɗaukar dubanni da yawa da ra'ayoyi da muke ganin duniya da su, suna daga cikin ayyukansa da aka fi sani da sauri.
Hockney ya taɓa kai ni zagayen nunin Caravaggio a National Gallery don bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya yi imani cewa mai zane dole ne ya yi amfani da wani nau'in kyamara na farko. Sa'an nan, a gidansa na London, ya fito da wani littafi na Jafananci don nuna yadda fasahar gabas ke amfani da ra'ayoyi masu motsi da buɗewa waɗanda suka rungumi girman duniya fiye da ra'ayi ɗaya wanda ya shagaltar da fasahar Yamma. Hujjarsa tana da ban sha'awa, haka nan littafin—wanda ba asali ba ne amma kwafi ne. Wato, ya daraja shi ba don wuyarsa ba amma don amfaninsa.
Duba hoto cikin cikakken allo
Zauna … Hockney yana shan taba kusa da ayyuka biyu. Hoton: J-P/Photo Credit: Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima
Gidan Hockney a Bridlington shima an yi masa ado da kyau amma cikin sauƙi. Bai yi amfani da dukiyarsa don rayuwa cikin jin daɗi ba, amma don aiki da bincike. Akwai tawali'u da kai tsaye game da shi wanda ya fi so. Ya shahara saboda ƙin barin shan taba, amma a matsayina na wanda ba ya shan taba, zan iya tabbatar da cewa, lokacin da ya taɓa kai ni ta Yorkshire, ya yi amfani da abin tokar taba mai fasaha wanda ya kiyaye hayakinsa ga kansa. Ya kasance mai 'yanci mai ladabi.
Wannan hali ya fito a fili kuma ya sa Hockney ya zama sananne. Ya sami irin shaharar da matasan masu fasaha na Biritaniya ba su kai ba, kamar na David Attenborough ko sarauniya. David Hockney ya kasance ainihin abu—babban mai fasaha kuma babban ɗan adam.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Anan akwai jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da David Hockney da yadda ayyukansa suka ɗauki ainihin duniyar zamani da aka rubuta cikin yanayi na halitta tare da amsoshi bayyanannu
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Wanene David Hockney
David Hockney shahararren ɗan fasaha ne na Biritaniya wanda aka fi sani da zane-zane masu haske, zane-zane, da hotunan da aka haɗa. Ya kasance babban mutum a cikin pop art tun shekarun 1960
2 Me yasa mutane ke cewa Hockney ya ɗauki ainihin duniyar zamani
Ya mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke bayyana rayuwar zamani: wuraren wanka masu haske, gine-ginen California masu santsi, haɓakar daukar hoto, da yadda muke ganin duniya ta hanyar fuska da fasaha. Ayyukansa suna jin sabo kuma na lokacinsu
3 Menene shahararren zanen Hockney
Portrait of an Artist shine mafi shahararren aikin sa. Yana nuna wani mutum sanye da jaket ruwan hoda yana kallon mai ninkaya a cikin tafki. Yana ɗaukar nishaɗi da salon California na shekarun 1970 da kyau
4 Shin Hockney ya zana wuraren wanka kawai
A'a, amma wuraren wanka jigo ne mai maimaitawa. Ya kuma zana shimfidar wurare, hotuna, zane-zane na rayuwa, kuma ya yi amfani da sababbin fasahohi kamar na'urar kwafi, na'urar fax, da iPads don ƙirƙirar fasaha
5 Menene ma'anar "liyafa ga idanu" a cikin wannan mahallin
Yana nufin fasaharsa tana da wadata a gani, tana da launi, kuma tana da farin ciki don kallo. Yana amfani da launuka masu haske da ra'ayoyi masu wayo waɗanda ke sa ka so ka ci gaba da bincika kowane daki-daki
Tambayoyi na Matsakaici
6 Ta yaya Hockney ya yi amfani da daukar hoto don ɗaukar duniyar zamani
Ya ƙirƙiri hotunan da aka haɗa inda ya ɗauki hotuna da yawa na Polaroid na wuri ɗaya daga kusurwoyi daban-daban sannan ya shirya su a cikin grid. Wannan yana kwaikwayon yadda idanunmu ke motsawa da ganin duniya—ba a matsayin hoto ɗaya ba amma a matsayin jerin dubanni
7 Wane matsayi ne fasaha ta taka a fasahar Hockney
Hockney ya rungumi sababbin kayan aiki. Ya yi amfani da na'urar kwafi don yin kwafi masu yawa, na'urar fax don aika zane-zane zuwa duniya, kuma daga baya iPad don zana kai tsaye a kan allo. Wannan yana nuna yadda kayan aikin zamani ke zama ɓangare na yadda muke ƙirƙira da gani
8 Ta yaya salon Hockney ya canza lokacin da ya koma California
Daga ƙaura daga Ingila zuwa California mai rana, zanensa ya zama mai haske, launuka masu haske, kuma ya mai da hankali kan wuraren waje, wuraren wanka, da gine-gine. Ya ɗauki 'yanci da kyauta na rayuwar California
