Spain da Gibraltar suna murnar ƙarshen shingen iyaka na ƙarshe a Yammacin Turai, bayan yarjejeniyar bayan Brexit da ta kawar da binciken iyaka ga mazauna, masu yawon bude ido, da dubban ma'aikatan Spain da ke tsallakawa zuwa yankin Birtaniyya na ketare kowace rana.
Yarjejeniyar, da aka sanya hannu a Brussels ranar Talata kuma ta fara aiki daga tsakar dare, ta nuna ƙarshen shawarwarin sama da shekaru huɗu tsakanin Burtaniya, Spain, Gibraltar, da EU bayan Birtaniya ta bar ƙungiyar.
Yarjejeniyar ta kawar da binciken iyaka da na kwastam don samar da iyaka mara tsangwama, kuma ta ba Spain alhakin binciken Schengen a filin jirgin sama da tashar jiragen ruwa na Gibraltar. Hakan ya kuma kai ga cire shingen iyaka da ya raba Spain da Gibraltar a zahiri tun 1908.
Gibraltar, wanda aka ba wa masarautar Birtaniyya a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Utrecht a 1713, gida ne ga kusan mutane 40,000 kawai kuma ya dogara sosai kan ma'aikatan Spain 15,000 da ke tsallakawa zuwa yankin kowace rana. Dutsen, kamar yadda ake yi masa laƙabi, yana da mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin yankin Campo de Gibraltar da ke kusa a Andalucía.
A ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin, dogayen layuka na kan iyaka a lokacin aiki, musamman lokacin da tashin hankali ya yi tsanani tsakanin Madrid da London.
Firayim Ministan Spain, Pedro Sánchez, ya ziyarci garin iyaka na Spain na La Línea de la Concepción ranar Laraba don kallon cire ɓangaren ƙarshe na shingen. Ya ce ana yin tarihi yayin da aka rufe "rauni mai buɗewa" a ƙarshe.
"Shingen Gibraltar - katanga ta ƙarshe a nahiyar Turai - ta faɗi don mu iya matsawa zuwa sabon zamani na zaman tare da wadata tare," in ji shi. "Wannan yarjejeniya ta sanya jin daɗin mutane 300,000 a Campo de Gibraltar a zuciyarta, kuma ta buɗe sabon babi a dangantaka tsakanin Spain da Burtaniya."
Babban ministan Gibraltar, Fabian Picardo, shi ma ya ce yarjejeniyar, wadda ba ta shafi ikon mallakar Birtaniyya na yankin ba, ta nuna farkon sabon zamani.
"Iyakar da ta raba yankinmu sau da yawa kuma ta iyakance shi yanzu za ta zama wurin haɗin gwiwa da dama tare," in ji shi. "Rayuwar yau da kullun na dubban mutane za ta sauƙaƙa, tattalin arzikinmu zai sami ƙarin tabbaci, kuma makomar Gibraltar za ta dogara kan ingantattun tushen shari'a."
Picardo ya ƙara da cewa: "Mun kai wannan lokaci ba tare da mika wuya ga wane ne muke ba, ba tare da yin sulhu da ikon mallakar Birtaniyya ba, kuma ba tare da raunana kariyar tsarin mulki da ke bayyana Gibraltar ba."
Ministan Burtaniya na Turai, Stephen Doughty, ya kira sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar "lokaci na musamman," yayin da kwamishinan Turai Maroš Šefčovič ya yi godiya ga "wadata tare da babu shinge ga mutane 15,000 da ke tsallakawa tsakanin Spain da Gibraltar kowace rana."
A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, Gibraltar za ta zama wani ɓangare na yankin Schengen na EU na zirga-zirgar 'yanci. 'Yan Birtaniyya da ke tashi zuwa yankin za su bi ta sabon tsarin shiga/fita (EES) na ƙungiyar, wanda ke amfani da hotunan yatsa da fuska kuma ya haifar da dogayen layuka a wasu filayen jiragen sama.
"Ina da damuwa [layuka iri ɗaya] na iya faruwa," in ji Picardo ga Financial Times a wannan makon.
Firayim Ministan Spain, Pedro Sánchez, zai yi tafiya zuwa garin iyaka na La Línea de la Concepción. Ranar Laraba, mutane sun taru don kallon cire ɓangaren ƙarshe na shingen iyaka.
Spain ta daɗe tana son maido da yankin da ta rasa. Bayan kuri'ar raba gardama ta Brexit a watan Yuni 2016, gwamnatin Spain mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a lokacin ta ba da shawarar cewa ikon mallakar haɗin gwiwa na iya zama mai yiwuwa.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Ma'aikata suna amfani da crane suna cire ƙofofin ƙarfe a kan iyaka a La Línea de la Concepción ranar Laraba. Hoton: Roman Rios/EPA
"Canji ne gaba ɗaya a hangen nesa wanda ke buɗe sabbin dama ga Gibraltar waɗanda ba mu gani ba tun da daɗewa," in ji tsohon ministan harkokin waje na Spain, José Manuel García-Margallo, a gidan rediyon Onda Cero jim kaɗan bayan kuri'ar raba gardama. "Ina fatan ra'ayin ikon mallakar haɗin gwiwa - don bayyana a sarari, tutar Spain tana tashi a kan Dutsen - ya fi kusa fiye da da."
Gibraltar da London sun ƙi wannan shawara, kuma an fara tsarin shawarwari mai tsawo. Fiye da 96.6% na mazauna Gibraltar sun zaɓi ci gaba da zama a cikin EU.
Alakar Gibraltar da Spain ta yanke gaba ɗaya a 1969, lokacin da mai mulkin Spain Francisco Franco ya ba da umarnin rufe iyakar ƙasa bayan Gibraltar ta amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Iyalai sun rabu, kuma dubban 'yan Spain sun rasa ayyukansu a cikin dare. Iyakar ba ta sake buɗewa ba sai 1982.
Tambayoyi da Amsoshi
Ga jerin tambayoyi game da yarjejeniyar tarihi tsakanin Spain da Gibraltar da ta kai ga cire shingen iyaka
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Me ya faru da shingen iyaka
An cire shingen iyaka na zahiri tsakanin Spain da Gibraltar Wannan yana nufin babu wata ƙofa ko shingen da za ku tsaya don binciken fasfo yayin tsallakawa iyakar ƙasa
2 Me yasa ake kiran wannan yarjejeniya mai tarihi
Tarihi ne saboda shingen ya kasance alamar tashin hankali tsakanin Spain da Burtaniya sama da shekaru 300 Wannan shine karo na farko da bangarorin biyu suka amince da cire binciken iyaka na zahiri da samar da yankin wadata tare
3 Shin har yanzu ina buƙatar fasfo don tsallakawa zuwa Gibraltar
Ee har yanzu kuna buƙatar fasfo don tantancewa amma ba za a yi bincike na zahiri a shingen ba Maimakon haka, bincike zai faru a filin jirgin sama ko tashar jiragen ruwa kamar tafiya tsakanin ƙasashen EU
4 Wanene ya sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniya
Yarjejeniyar ta samu sanya hannu daga wakilan Spain, Burtaniya, da Gwamnatin Gibraltar, tare da Tarayyar Turai a matsayin mai shiga tsakani
5 Menene wannan ke nufi ga mutanen da ke zaune kusa da iyaka
Yana nufin tafiya ta yau da kullun cikin sauri da sauƙi Ma'aikata, masu siyayya, da iyalai da ke tsallakawa akai-akai ba za su ƙara fuskantar dogayen layuka a shingen ba
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci Gaba
6 Yaya za a gudanar da shige da fice da kwastam ba tare da shingen ba
Maimakon bincike a iyakar ƙasa, Spain da Gibraltar za su yi amfani da tsarin iyaka mai wayo Wannan yana iya haɗawa da binciken halittu, rajistar farko ga matafiya akai-akai, da sintirin 'yan sanda na haɗin gwiwa a wuraren filin jirgin sama da tashar jiragen ruwa
7 Shin wannan yarjejeniya ta canza wanda ya mallaki Gibraltar
A'a Burtaniya tana ci gaba da ikon mallakar Gibraltar Yarjejeniyar ita ce game da cire shinge na zahiri da inganta zirga-zirga, ba game da canja ikon mallakar siyasa ba
8 Shin Gibraltar za ta bi dokokin EU yanzu
Ee a wani ɓangare Gibraltar za ta shiga yankin Schengen na EU don zirga-zirgar 'yanci Wannan yana nufin Gibraltar dole ne ta daidaita da wasu dokokin EU kan kwastam, kayayyaki, da zirga-zirgar mutane, yayin da take ci gaba da zama yankin Birtaniyya na ketare
9 Menene zai faru da filin jirgin sama
Filin jirgin sama na Gibraltar babban batu ne mai rikitarwa A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, Spain ta amince da kawo ƙarshen adawarta ta tarihi ga amfani da filin jirgin sama A madadin haka, Gibraltar za ta ba da izinin amfani da filin jirgin sama na haɗin gwiwa don jiragen farar hula da na EU
