Shugabannin Turai za su yi ƙoƙari su tabbatar wa ƙasashe shida na Yammacin Balkan cewa suna da dama ta gaske ta shiga EU wata rana, ko da yake akwai rashin jituwa game da yadda za a faɗaɗa ƙungiyar mai mambobi 27.
Emmanuel Macron, Friedrich Merz, Giorgia Meloni, da Ursula von der Leyen na cikin shugabanni sama da 30 da ake sa ran za su hadu a ranar Juma'a a garin Tivat na bakin teku na Montenegro don tattaunawar koli. Babban burin shi ne a haɗa ƙasashen Balkan shida—ciki har da Montenegro da Albaniya—cikin kasuwar guda ta EU, wanda zai taimaka musu su shiga ƙungiyar a ƙarshe.
"Alƙawarin Tarayyar Turai ga Yammacin Balkan na gaske ne. Kamar yadda damar faɗaɗa take," in ji Shugaban Majalisar Turai António Costa a farkon wannan makon a Sarajevo.
Costa ya bayyana faɗaɗa EU a matsayin "sha'awar yanki-geopolitical ga Turai" da "jari a cikin zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali, da tsaron nahiyarmu," musamman yayin da Rasha da Sin ke fafatawa don tasiri a yankin.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Ana sa ran shugabannin EU sama da 30 za su taru a wurin shakatawa na bakin teku na Tivat a Montenegro ranar Juma'a don tattaunawar koli. Hoton: Stevo Vasiljević/Reuters
Taron ya biyo bayan sabuwar gwamnatin Hungary ta janye veto dinta kan Ukraine ta matsa zuwa mataki na gaba na tattaunawar EU, matakin da masu ciki suka yaba a matsayin wani ci gaba. Shawarar Péter Magyar a ranar Laraba ta ba wa Ukraine da Moldova damar fara tattaunawa a ƙarshen wannan wata kan sassan farko na littafin dokokin EU, tare da mai da hankali kan bin doka da matsayin dimokuradiyya.
Waɗannan ƙasashe biyu na Gabashin Turai an hanzarta su zuwa matsayin 'yan takarar EU bayan mamayewar Rasha a 2022. Amma cibiyoyin EU suna sha'awar nuna wa ƙasashe shida na Yammacin Balkan cewa ba a bar su a baya ba.
EU na iya hana sabbin ƙasashe mambobi haƙƙin veto yayin da ƙungiyar ke matsawa don faɗaɗa Karanta ƙarin
Montenegro, wadda ke fatan zama ƙasa ta 28 ta EU nan da 2028, ita ce mafi nisa a cikin neman shiga, wanda ya sa mambobin da ke yanzu suka kafa tsare-tsare ga sababbin masu shiga. Jaridar Guardian ta ruwaito a farkon wannan watan cewa sababbin ƙasashe mambobi za a iya hana su haƙƙin veto na shekaru da yawa don guje wa maimaita abin da ya faru da tsohon Firayim Ministan Hungary Viktor Orbán mai son Rasha, wanda ya sha toshe shawarar EU.
Brussels na ganin Albaniya ita ce ƙasa ta gaba da za ta shiga, ko da yake wasu gwamnatocin EU suna da shakku game da ci gabanta a yaƙi da laifuffuka.
A halin da ake ciki, fatan North Macedonia, Kosovo, da Bosnia da Herzegovina suna cikin inuwar rikice-rikicen siyasa na ciki da waje. Ana ganin Serbia tana nisa daga EU a ƙarƙashin shugabanta mai mulkin kama-karya, Alexander Vučić, wanda ya murkushe masu zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati kuma ya ƙi daidaita da takunkumin Turai kan Rasha.
Faruk Bašić, mai bincike a Cibiyar Geopolitics ta Brussels, ya ce yankin ba ya kan gefe ga EU a yanzu, amma fifiko ne na dabara. "Yaƙin Ukraine ya sake bayyana abin da faɗaɗa Turai ya kamata ya zama da abin da yake nufi."
Yayin da tsarin gargajiya na EU game da faɗaɗa shine "ka daidaita da ƙimar EU da ka'idoji kuma a ƙarshe ka shiga," Bašić ya ce takarar Ukraine—wanda aka ba da izini a cikin watanni huɗu a 2022—ya nuna "gaggawar yanki-geopolitical da ba mu taɓa gani ba."
Shugabannin EU sun rabu kan lokacin da yadda Ukraine za ta shiga. Shawarar Jamus don Ukraine ta zama memba mai haɗin gwiwa—a zahiri tana da wakilci a cibiyoyin EU ba tare da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a ba, a matsayin mataki zuwa cikakken memba—ba a karɓa sosai a Kyiv da wasu ƙasashen EU ba.
Berlin ta yi imanin cewa shirin memba mai haɗin gwiwa, wanda Merz ya gabatar a wasiƙa zuwa ga von der Leyen da Costa, tayi ne mara misaltuwa kuma mai karimci wanda zai hanzarta hanyar Ukraine zuwa shiga EU, duk da cewa wasu ƙasashe mambobi, musamman Faransa, suna da shakku a hankali.
Duk da waɗannan tabbacin, wasu ƙasashe mambobin EU suna da shakku. Wani babban jami'in diflomasiyyar EU ya ce shawarwarin Jamus kan memba mai haɗin gwiwa "madadin" ne ga Ukraine shiga EU wanda zai sa "kusan ba zai yiwu ba" ga hakan ta faru. "Zai rage kuzarin ci gaba da neman mafita," in ji mutumin.
Yayin da ake ɗaukar hanyar Ukraine zuwa memba ta EU a matsayin ta musamman saboda matsayinta a matsayin ƙasa a cikin yaƙi da kuma buƙatarta mai yawa na kudaden farfadowa bayan yaƙi, yadda za a gudanar da ita na iya shafar yammacin Balkan.
Wani jami'in EU ya ce "mutane suna raina ci gaban da ake samu," yana nuna taron farko na ƙungiyar fasaha da aka ba da aikin rubuta yarjejeniyar shiga Montenegro a watan da ya gabata. "Wannan abu ne na gaske, wanda ke fara ƙidayar lokaci don faɗaɗa EU na gaba."
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Mambobin sojojin Montenegro na musamman suna tsaron yankin tashar jiragen ruwa a Tivat yayin taron manema labarai kafin taron koli. Hoton: Stevo Vasiljević/Reuters
Majiyoyi kuma sun yi gargaɗi game da tsammanin wani babban sabon sanarwa kan tattaunawar shiga a ranar Juma'a, suna nuna cewa za a mai da hankali kan yadda EU za ta iya kawo canji na gaske ga rayuwar mutane a yankin.
Kafin taron koli, majalisar EU ta amince da shawarar fara tattaunawa kan kawo ƙarshen cajin wayar hannu a yammacin Balkan. Cire waɗannan cajin, wanda galibi ake nuna shi a matsayin labarin nasara na EU, za a mika shi ga jihohin yammacin Balkan da zarar sun amince da dokokin EU da suka dace kuma suka kammala ƙarin tattaunawa.
Ko da yake ba a saita ranar farawa ga manufar ba, zai ba wa 'yan ƙasar Turai fa'idar juna ta yin kira, aika saƙonni, da amfani da bayanai ba tare da ƙarin caji ba yayin tafiya a cikin Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai ko ƙasashe shida na yammacin Balkan.
Shirin "roam kamar a gida" wani ɓangare ne na babbar dabara don haɗa yammacin Balkan cikin kasuwar guda ta EU a hankali. Ƙasashen Balkan da yawa, alal misali, sun shiga tsare-tsare a ƙarƙashin yankin biyan kuɗi guda na euro, wanda ke daidaita biyan kuɗi na lantarki kuma yana ba masu amfani damar amfani da asusu ɗaya da kati ɗaya don ma'amalar euro.
Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da taron koli na EU tare da shugabannin Yammacin Balkan game da hanyarsu ta zama memba
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1 Menene taron koli na EU tare da shugabannin Yammacin Balkan?
Taro ne na babban mataki na yau da kullun inda shugabanni daga Tarayyar Turai da ƙasashe shida na Yammacin Balkan suke tattauna dangantakarsu, tare da babban mai da hankali kan ƙasashen Balkan shiga EU.
2 Me yasa wannan taron koli yake da muhimmanci?
Alama ce mai mahimmanci cewa EU har yanzu tana da niyyar faɗaɗa kuma cewa ƙasashen Yammacin Balkan suna samun ci gaba zuwa cika buƙatun shiga.
3 Menene hanyar zama memba?
Tsari ne da ƙasa dole ta bi don zama memba na EU. Ya haɗa da ɗaukar dokokin EU, sake fasalin tattalin arziki, ƙarfafa dimokuradiyya da bin doka, da cika takamaiman sharuɗɗa.
4 Menene sake tabbatar da hanyar ke nufi a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi?
Yana nufin EU tana cewa "Har yanzu muna ganin ku a matsayin membobi na gaba, kuma muna son ku ci gaba da aiki kan canje-canjen da ake buƙata don isa can."
5 Waɗanne ƙasashe ne a Yammacin Balkan?
Ƙasashe shida sune Albaniya, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, da Serbia.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Tsaka-tsaki
6 Menene manyan fa'idodi ga ƙasashen Yammacin Balkan idan suka shiga EU?
Suna samun damar shiga kasuwar guda ta EU, suna karɓar kudade masu yawa don ci gaba, suna iya tafiya da aiki cikin sauƙi a ƙasashen EU, kuma suna samun ƙarfi a cikin al'amuran Turai da na duniya.
7 Menene manyan cikas ga zama memba?
Mahimman batutuwa sun haɗa da rikice-rikicen siyasa da ba a warware ba, raunin bin doka, cin hanci da rashawa da yawa, jinkirin sake fasalin tattalin arziki, da buƙatar daidaita dokokin gida da matsayin EU mai rikitarwa.
8 Ta yaya taron koli yake taimakawa wajen magance waɗannan matsalolin?
Yana matsa lamba na siyasa, yana ba da tallafin kuɗi da fasaha don sake fasalin, kuma yana ba da tsarin lokaci da ma'auni. Hakanan yana aiki a matsayin dandamali don sasanta rikice-rikice, kamar tattaunawar Serbia-Kosovo da ke gudana.
9 Menene Tsarin Berlin kuma ta yaya ya bambanta da wannan taron koli?
Tsarin Berlin wani shiri ne na daban na Jamus wanda ke mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar yanki da haɗin tattalin arziki a cikin Yammacin Balkan. Taron koli na EU shine babban dandalin Brussels na hukuma don tattaunawar shiga na gaske.
