A shekarar da ta gabata, an haifi wani jariri mai suna Emanuel a Sweden. Kafin cikar shekararsa ta farko, an gaya wa iyayensa cewa ba zai iya zama a kasar ba. Sashen shige da fice ya ba da umarnin a tura shi shi kadai zuwa Iran, duk da yakin da ake yi a can.
Iyayen Emanuel suna cikin kasar bisa doka. Suna da izinin zama na Sweden, amma dokokin da suka ba su damar zama an tsaurara su bayan an haifi jaririn, kuma iyalin sun shiga cikin wani rikice-rikicen shingaye na hukuma da aka tsara don takaita shige da fice zuwa Sweden.
Raif yaro ne dan shekara hudu da ke da autism wanda har yanzu yana sanya nappies kuma ba ya iya magana. A wannan bazara, an gaya masa cewa za a kore shi shi kadai. Lamarin Raif ya sami kulawar kafofin watsa labarai sosai, kuma daga karshe hukumomi sun sauya shawarar.
Amma adadin shawarwari marasa hankali, masu tsauri daga sashen shige da fice na ci gaba da karuwa. An gaya wa wani dan Burtaniya mai shekara 74 da ke da dementia ya bar kasar bayan shekaru 25. Wani dan Burtaniya kuma, mai karbar fansho mai karimci na Bankin Duniya, an kuma gaya masa cewa ba a maraba da shi ya zauna na dindindin a Sweden saboda kudin fansho ba a kirga shi a matsayin albashi a karkashin sabbin ma'aunin kudin shiga na bakin haure.
Matasa, tsofaffi, mutane masu rauni, masu arziki: duk ana kai musu hari da manufofin shige da fice masu tsauri kuma galibi masu tashin hankali. Kuma shugabannin Sweden sun ci gaba da taurin kai. "Ba za mu iya daidaita doka bisa kowane irin kaddara ta mutum ba," in ji Firayim Minista Ulf Kristersson, yayin da yake magana kan jerin shawarwari masu tsauri na shige da fice da suka shafi yara.
Duba hoto a cikakken alloFostocin zabe na Firayim Ministan Sweden kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Moderate Ulf Kristersson a Stockholm Hoton: Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP/Getty Images
'Yan Sweden za su kada kuri'a a babban zabe ranar Lahadi 13 ga Satumba kuma, bisa ga kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a, 'yan adawa na tsakiya-hagu suna da dan gaba kadan. Amma ko da an sami sauyin gwamnati, yawancin ra'ayoyin dama masu tsauri da ba a taba tunanin ba yanzu suna cikin al'amuran yau da kullum na siyasar Sweden cikin kwanciyar hankali. Shekaru hudu da suka gabata an nuna karbuwa mai ban mamaki ga ra'ayoyin kabilanci, kalaman kyamar baki da manufofin kama-karya, wadanda ke kara kaiwa yara hari. Kuma yawancin wadannan ra'ayoyin 'yan adawa na Social Democrats na tsakiya-hagu sun sha su kuma sun rungume su.
Ko korar yara kanana ko sabon sauyi mai ban tsoro a manufofin shari'a na gina gidajen yari ga matasa 'yan shekara 14 da suka fara, da alama ba su zama layin ja na ɗabi'a ba.
Labarin sauyin da yanzu ke lalata Sweden ya koma shekarar 2022, lokacin da kungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta lashe babban zaben Sweden na wannan shekarar, amma da dan rata kadan. Yarjejeniyar Tidö da aka kulla a watan Disamba, tsakanin jam'iyyun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya uku (Moderates, Christian Democrats da Liberals) da Sweden Democrats masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ya nuna cewa za a iya kafa gwamnatin 'yan tsiraru. Amma wannan yarjejeniya ta karya katangar da aka sanya na rashin hadin gwiwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ta kuma fara yunkurin sake fassara Sweden ta zamani, wanda ke nuna sauye-sauye mai zurfi a manufofin shige da fice, laifuka, yanayi da makamashi, makarantu da kiwon lafiya.
Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na kafu sun kare yarjejeniyar da cewa za ta rage tasirin Sweden Democrats, wadanda goyon bayansu ke karuwa tun 2015. A maimakon haka, ta mika ragamar jagorancin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, ta ba Sweden Democrats ayyukan ministoci amma iko mai ban mamaki na tsara manufofi.
A matsayina na dan Sweden da ya zauna a Amurka tsawon shekaru ashirin, na yi jinkirin yarda cewa kasar da aka haife ni ta canza. Na watsar da labarai masu ban tsoro a matsayin lokuta keɓaɓɓu, ko kuma ɗan ficewa daga yanayin da ake ciki. Tabbas, Sweden za ta ci gaba da kasancewa kanta, bisa ka'idojin ci gaba, daidaito da jin kai da suka bayyana kasar da rayuwar jama'a - a kalla a fili - lokacin da nake girma.
Amma a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata taga Overton na muhawarar da aka yarda da ita ta koma dama sosai.
Wata sabuwar Sweden ta bayyana, mai mugunta da sanyi ga bakin haure, ciki har da ƙwararrun ma'aikata na cibiyoyin bincike, jami'o'i, kamfanonin fasaha da likita - wadanda suka yi mamakin sanin cewa ba a maraba da su yin aiki a kasar da suka zauna shekaru, wani lokaci shekaru da yawa. Kashi 15% na 'yan Sweden ne kawai suka amince da Donald Trump. Amma duk da haka ra'ayoyin da suka yi kama da na Trump na kabilanci yanzu sun bayyana yawancin siyasar Sweden ta zamani, kuma suna kalubalantar tushen dimokuradiyyar mu. Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Sweden, wata hukuma mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati, ta yi ikirarin cewa Sweden na kara samun karbuwa ga ra'ayoyin kyamar baki, laifukan ƙiyayya da manufofin azabtarwa da aka nuna ga yara. A cikin rahotonta na shekara ta 2026 ta bayyana "damuwa mai tsanani" kan lalacewar haƙƙin ɗan adam a Sweden. Kungiyar kare hakkin doka ta Civil Rights Defenders ita ma ta yi ikirarin cewa an sami sauyi, inda gwamnati ba ta yin magana kan haƙƙoƙi, amma kan sarrafawa. Ministoci sun haɗa shige da fice da laifuka, kuma suna kara kwatanta 'yan ƙasa, har da yara, a matsayin matsaloli, haɗari da farashi. Idan wannan juyin kama-karya za a iya yarda da shi cikin sauri a Sweden, inda tushen dimokuradiyya da jin kai ya kasance mai ƙarfi har kwanan nan, zai iya faruwa a ko'ina. Jerin abubuwan kunya a cikin tseren ƙarshe na yaƙin neman zaɓe bai yi wa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi dadi ba. Expo, wata mujalla ta Sweden da ke lura da tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama, ta ruwaito cewa daya daga cikin manyan masu ra'ayin Sweden Democrats, Gustav Gellerbrant, yana zaune da abokin tarayya - wanda shi ma yana aiki da jam'iyyar - kuma ana zargin yana da alaka mai zurfi da ayyukan tasirin Rasha. Gellerbrant yana daya daga cikin masu tsara yarjejeniyar Tidö kuma yana zaune a ofishin daidaitawa na Sweden Democrats a cikin gwamnati. An sanya shi hutu mai biya bayan rahotannin amma Peter Hultqvist, tsohon ministan tsaro na Social Democrat, ya kira lamarin "rikicin tsaro" ga Sweden wanda "ya shiga ofishin firayim minista kai tsaye". Gellerbrant da kansa bai nemi afuwa ba, yana sukar abin da ya kira "farautar mayu" ta kafofin watsa labarai - dabarar Trump wacce ita ma ta zama sabon yanayin duk lokacin da abubuwan kunya suka dabaibaye tsattsauran ra'ayin dama na Sweden. Idan kungiyar dama ta sha kaye a zaben, ita ma a shirye take ta sami wanda za a zarga: masu jefa kuri'a Musulmi. A cikin 'yan watannin da suka gabata, manyan masu ra'ayin dama sun yi layi suna nuna cewa hagu na tattara Musulmai don kada kuri'a su kore su. Wani marubuci na jaridar Svenska Dagbladet kwanan nan ya yi nuni a wani wuri kan karuwar jefa kuri'a da aka ruwaito a yankunan da bakin haure suka fi yawa a matsayin "shanu" da jam'iyyun hagu ke kiwo. A cikin 'yan shekaru kawai, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun nisanta kansu daga tsoffin firayim ministocinsu biyu na baya-bayan nan, Fredrik Reinfeldt da Carl Bildt, wadanda suka ba da shawarar sassaucin ra'ayi na tsakiya-dama mai hada kai. A cikin "al'adun al'adu" na gwamnati - wanda asali wani shiri na kishin kasa mai ban mamaki da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka inganta - marubutan suna yin ba'a ga Reinfeldt saboda ra'ayinsa na goyon bayan shige da fice kuma suna zargin shirinsa na "duniya" da yawancin matsalolin Sweden na zamani. Al'adun al'adu, jerin nassoshi da ra'ayoyin da ake zaton suna bayyana Sweden, sun ware duk ayyukan da suka fito daga Sweden mai al'adu da yawa da ta bayyana tun 1975 - ma'ana muna samun Ingmar Bergman, Ikea, Pippi Longstocking da jirgin yaki na Viggen, amma babu wani abu da tsarara na ya yi, wanda ya fi bambancin ra'ayi a tarihin Sweden. Tsallake tallan wasiƙar labarai Kyauta | Mako-mako Yi rajista ga This is Europe Labarai da muhawara mafi muhimmanci ga Turawa - daga asali zuwa tattalin arziki zuwa muhalli Shigar da imel ɗinka Yi rajista Bayan tallan wasiƙar labarai Duba hoto a cikakken allo Bibi Andersson da Liv Ullmann a fim din Ingmar Bergman na 1966 Persona. Bergman yana cikin 'al'adun al'adu' na gwamnati Hoton: United Artists/Allstar Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun shigo da mafi munin kalaman yaƙin al'adu na Amurka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na populist mai tsanani da ya zama an shigar da shi a cikin dama, kuma kafofin watsa labarai sun saba da shi. Yanzu idan wani dan siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a Lidingö, a wani yanki mai arziki na Stockholm, ya yi kira da a hana "miyan kifi na Peruvian mai ban mamaki" daga wuraren cin abinci na makaranta, da kyar ya shiga labarai. Wannan rungumar populism na dama ya kuma haifar da ficewa daga manufofin yanayi masu buri na Sweden da kuma juya baya daga yarjejeniyar kimiyya. Masanin kimiyyar yanayi Johan Rockström ya gaya mini a bara cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kowace gwamnatin Sweden, hagu ko dama, ta gayyace shi ya raba bincikensa kan iyakokin duniya - sai gwamnatin yanzu, wacce ba ta taba tuntube shi ba.
Gwamnati na kara yin watsi da hukumomin ba da shawara da aka yi nufin su ba da ra'ayi kan dokoki da shawarwari. Wannan ya fi bayyana a manufofin laifuka na kama-karya. Sabbin kudirori sun sha wucewa ba tare da shawarar kwararru, masana laifuka, da masana kimiyyar zamantakewa ba, wadanda ke gargadi kan sanya hukunci mai tsanani ga yara.
Abin da muke gani kalubale ne na asali ga al'adar Sweden ta aiki.
Karamin gaban da 'yan adawa ke da shi a kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a na iya nuna cewa ruwa na juyawa, kuma ka'idojin jin kai har yanzu suna karkashin ra'ayoyin masu jefa kuri'a na Sweden. Kwanan nan, attajiri Roger Akelius, wanda ya kasance yana kada kuri'a ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ya ce ba zai kada kuri'a ga kungiyar dama a wannan zaben ba. "Sweden ba za ta iya gina makoma kan warewa da gidajen yari ba," in ji shi.
Amma 'yan adawa suna kokawa wajen bayyana wata hanya ta akida mai bayyananne, sun fi son yakin neman zabe mai tsananin taka tsantsan kamar na Social Democrats na Denmark ko jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya karkashin Keir Starmer. Akwai hadari bayyananne a cikin rashin yin kasada. Dogaro kawai da matsayin tsakiya da aka gwada a hankali a kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a bai yi wa masu ci gaba na Turai aiki ba yayin da yanayin siyasa ke karkata zuwa ra'ayoyin adawa da kafu da fushi da yanayin da ake ciki. Kuri'un da suka yi kusa suna nuna cewa miliyoyin 'yan Sweden har yanzu suna ganin gidajen yari da warewa a matsayin makoma.
Shekaru takwas da suka gabata, Firayim Minista mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Ulf Kristersson ya yi wa wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust alkawarin cewa ba zai taba kafa gwamnati da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba. "Dabi'u na ba na Sweden Democrats ba ne," in ji shi a wata hira. "Ba zan hada kai ba, ba zan shiga tattaunawa ba, ba zan hada kai ba, ko kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa da Sweden Democrats."
Yanzu Kristersson yana alkawarin ba masu tsattsauran ra'ayi mukaman majalisar ministoci.
Sweden Democrats ba su canza ba a wadannan shekarun. Amma Sweden tabbas ta canza.
Martin Gelin yana rubutu wa jaridar Sweden Dagens Nyheter.
Kuna da ra'ayi kan batutuwan da aka tada a wannan labarin? Idan kuna son aika amsa har zuwa kalmomi 300 ta imel don a yi la'akari da ita don bugawa a sashen wasiƙunmu, don Allah danna nan.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi bisa jigogin littafin Martin Gelin How Sweden Lost Its Soul and Stopped Being Sweden
Tambayoyin Farko
Q Menene littafin Martin Gelin game da shi
A Littafi ne game da yadda Sweden ta canza daga wata al'umma ta musamman mai daidaito zuwa kasa mai rashin daidaito da rarrabuwa Gelin yana jayayya cewa ruhun Sweden wanda ya dogara kan amana al'umma da jindadin jama'a an lalata shi ta sauye-sauyen siyasa da tattalin arziki na baya-bayan nan
Q Wanene Martin Gelin
A Shi dan jarida ne dan Sweden kuma marubuci wanda ya yi rubutu da yawa kan siyasa da zamantakewa Yakan rubuta daga mahangar hagu mai sukar hawan dama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da lalacewar jindadin jama'a
Q Menene ma'anar stopped being Sweden
A Yana nufin ra'ayin cewa Sweden ta kasance kasa ta musamman da aka sani da haraji mai yawa rashin daidaito kadan da ingantaccen tsarin kare jama'a Gelin yana jayayya cewa ta zama kamar sauran kasashe da karuwar tazara tsakanin attajirai da matalauta da karuwar tashin hankalin zamantakewa
Q Menene ya sa Sweden ta rasa ruhunta a cewar Gelin
A Ya nuna abubuwa da dama sayar da ayyukan jama'a rage haraji ga attajirai hawan Sweden Democrats da gazawar hada bakin haure Wadannan sun karya amana da hadin kai da suka rike al'ummar Sweden tare
Q Littafi ne na siyasa
A Ee a fili yana da alaka da siyasa Gelin yana sukar manufofin tsakiya-dama da dama kuma yana jayayya cewa Sweden na bukatar komawa ga tushen social democratic don warkewa
Tambayoyin Ci Gaba
Q Menene tsarin Sweden kuma yaya Gelin ya ce an lalata shi
A Tsarin Sweden yana nufin tsarin kungiyoyin kwadago masu karfi haraji mai yawa da jindadin jama'a mai karimci wanda ya rage rashin daidaito Gelin yana jayayya cewa an wargaza shi tun daga shekarun 1990 ta gwamnatocin tsakiya-dama da tsakiya-hagu ta hanyar cire ka'idoji sayar da kamfanoni da sake fasalin haraji
Q Yaya Gelin ya danganta shige da fice da asarar ruhun Sweden
A Yana jayayya cewa Sweden ta kasa hada bakin haure da yawa wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwa da al'ummomi masu zaman kansu Wannan kuma ya kara hawan dama mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da
