Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan fasinja na Bulgaria Dioscuria sun fara samun labarin wani hari da aka kai kan wani jirgin dakon kaya a yankin tattalin arzikin kasar na musamman a Bahar Maliya a farkon sa'o'in ranar 6 ga Oktoba lokacin da suka ji wani fashewa mai nisa a nisan mil 70 daga garin Byala da ke bakin teku. Jirgin Alfa Watan mallakar Turkiyya, wanda ke kan hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sulina ta Romania, an same shi da wani hari da ake zargin jiragen sama marasa matuki da na ruwa na Rasha ne suka kai. Lokacin da Dioscuria ya isa wurin, ya tarar da wani jirgin ceto da ya kife da kuma rigunan ceto a cikin ruwa. Babu wata alama, duk da haka, ta ma'aikatan Alfa Watan guda 10.
Taswira da ke nuna wurin da jiragen da aka kai hari a cikin ruwan EU na Bahar Maliya a watan Oktoba.
Bayan kwana shida, jiragen marasa matuki sun kai hari kan wani jirgi a gabar tekun Bulgaria, HS Dignity. Ma'aikata goma sha daya sun mutu. Zuwa ranar Alhamis, hare-haren sun isa sararin samaniyar Romania da yankin ruwanta. An kai hari kan wasu tankunan sinadarai guda biyu, Wine Trader da Yara J, kuma an bar su suna konewa. Wasu ma'aikatan jirgin bakwai kuma sun bace.
Hudu daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin da aka ceto daga HS Dignity a kan wani jirgin ceto na sojojin ruwan Bulgaria, wanda ya kai su tashar jiragen ruwa ta Varna ranar Talata. Hoto: moreto.net/AP
Ma'aikatan jirgin Able, wanda aka lalata a wani harin jirgin mara matuki, sun sauka daga wani jirgin 'yan sandan kan iyaka na Bulgaria a Varna bayan wani aikin ceto. Hoto: Petko Momchilov/Reuters
Hare-haren kan jiragen ruwa shida cikin kwanaki 10 – an kuma kai hari kan Able da Chelsea-3 – sun nuna wani babban ci gaba a wani rikicin teku da ke matsa wa kan iyakokin NATO. Yayin da hankalin duniya ya mayar da hankali kan hadarin da ke tattare da ma'aikatan jirgin da ke tafiya ta mashigin Hormuz, a cikin 'yan watunan nan ne Bahar Maliya ya zama hanyar da ta fi hatsari, inda aka yi asarar ma'aikatan jirgin da yawa cikin mako daya da rabi fiye da yawan sojojin Amurka da suka mutu a duk yakin Iran.
Jirgin Alfa Watan, wanda ya nutse bayan wani harin jirgin mara matuki, yana tafiya a Istanbul, Turkiyya, ranar da ta gabaci faruwar lamarin. Hoto: Yoruk Isik/Reuters
Kamfanin inshorar teku da kuma mai nazarin hadari Ambrey ya yi gargadin cewa babu wani karshen da ake gani ga barazanar da ke fuskantar jigilar kaya ta Bahar Maliya, ciki har da hatsi da mai, kuma farashin inshora na tafiya ta cikin ruwan ya yi tsalle. Tomas Alexa, babban mai nazari a Ambrey, ya lura da wani karuwar saurin hare-hare da ya fara a watan Yuli. An kiyasta cewa sojojin Rasha ne ke da alhakin kashi 80% na su. Asarar rayuka na baya-bayan nan, in ji shi, ta tsananta saboda hare-haren "taba sau biyu" da suka hada da jiragen marasa matuki na sama da na sama, wadanda galibi ke daukar har zuwa rabin tan na abubuwan fashewa. Kananan jiragen ruwa da suka fi amfani da tsarin magudanar ruwa na Danube sun nutse cikin sauri.
"Duk da cewa hare-hare kan jiragen kasuwanci a Bahar Maliya ba sabon abu ba ne, muna ganin karuwa ta fuskar yawan hare-hare da kuma fadin yanki," in ji Alexa. Bayanin jiragen da ake kai wa hari – wato, jiragen da ke kasuwanci da Ukraine – bai canza ba, in ji shi. "Manufar Rasha a bayyane take, wato ta durkusar da fitar da hatsin Ukraine da kayayyakin noma."
Jirgin dakon mai da sinadarai Yara J mai tutar Comoros yana wucewa ta mashigin Bosphorus a Istanbul, Turkiyya, a watan da ya gabata. Hoto: Yoruk Isik/Reuters
Sakamakon shi ne faduwar yawan jiragen da ke ziyartar Ukraine. Farashin inshora ya yi tsalle, kuma ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da masu gudanarwa sun kara jinkirin yin aiki a yankin Bahar Maliya, har ma a kan jiragen da ba su da alaka da kayan Ukraine. Mafi yawan fiye da mutuwar ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa 60 a Bahar Maliya tun lokacin da Rasha ta kai cikakken hari kan Ukraine a watan Fabrairun 2022 sun faru ne a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. A watan Satumba, Kwamitin Yaki na Hadin Gwiwa, wanda ke wakiltar kasuwar inshora ta London, ya matsa don fadada yankunan da ke da hatsari a Bahar Maliya don hada dukkan yankin, ban da yankin ruwan Turkiyya, Romania, Bulgaria da Georgia.
Barazanar ba ta takaita ga Bahar Maliya kanta ba. Hare-hare kan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Bahar Maliya na Ukraine sun kuma karu sosai a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Abubuwa da dama ne ke haifar da fadada da karuwar rikicin zuwa gabar kasashen NATO, in ji masana. Rasha ta mayar da martaniRasha ta fadada hare-harenta kan rukunin jiragen dakon mai na inuwar Ukraine ta hanyar kara kai hari kan kayan noma na Ukraine, wani muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin Kyiv. Yayin da jiragen suka kara nisa daga gabar teku don neman hanyar da ta fi aminci, barazanar ta canza daga nakiyoyin ruwa zuwa jiragen marasa matuki masu tsawon isa. Ursula von der Leyen, shugabar Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, ta ce bayan nutsewar Alfa Watan: "Ana kai hari kan jiragen kasuwanci – da ma'aikata marasa laifi – tare da asarar rayuka a teku."
Masu zanga-zanga sun taru a Sofia, Bulgaria, ranar Alhamis don neman amsoshi game da hare-haren teku na Bahar Maliya na baya-bayan nan. A cikin wata sanarwa a Kungiyar Tsaro da Hadin Kai ta Turai, Kanar Joby Rimmer, babban mai ba da shawara kan soji na Biritaniya, ya ce: "Hare-haren da suka kasa bambancewa tsakanin manufofin soji da jiragen farar hula, ko kuma wadanda ake tsammanin za su haifar da mummunar illa ga fararen hula da jiragen farar hula dangane da fa'idar soji da ake tsammani, na iya keta dokar jin kai ta kasa da kasa da kuma yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan dokar teku.
"Kowane hari yana kara hadari ga ma'aikatan kowace kasa, yana kara farashin inshora kuma yana takaita kwararar abinci zuwa ga wadanda suka dogara da shi. Biritaniya tana da matukar damuwa game da sakamakon da ya yi nisa na rikice-rikicen da suka biyo baya a fadin yankin teku na duniya. Hanyoyin ruwa masu tsayayye da aminci wani amfani ne na gama gari wanda dukkanmu muke amfana da shi."
Masu gudanarwa sun yi gargadi game da tasirin da zai fi girma kan kasuwanci a Bahar Maliya, ciki har da daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Bulgaria. A wata hira ta kwanan nan a gidan talabijin na Bulgaria, mai kamfanin jigilar kaya Todor Georgiev ya yi gargadin cewa Bahar Maliya na cikin hadarin zama "yankin da ya mutu".
Wani jirgi da wani jirgin mara matuki ya buge a Bahar Maliya a wannan makon. "Duk lokacin da aka kama Rashawa sun kai hari kan jirgi da daya daga cikin jiragen marasa matukinsu, suna ikirarin cewa jirgin yana dauke da makamai," in ji shi. "Ba a jigilar makamai zuwa Ukraine ta Bahar Maliya."
Rumen Radev, firaministan Bulgaria, ya bayyana hare-haren da aka kai kusa da yankin ruwan kasarsa a matsayin "wanda ba a yarda da shi kwata-kwata". Jami'an Bulgaria suna kira ga EU da NATO su goyi bayan kokarin inganta tsaro, yayin da suke aiki tare da Turkiyya da Romania kan kara tsaron yankin. Ko da yake sun ki dora laifin kan Rasha, jami'ai sun ce "babu wata dabaru" ga Ukraine ta kai hari kan kayan da take aikawa da kanta.
Wani jirgin dakon kaya a Bahar Maliya ranar Alhamis. "Ba mu da tabbataccen shaida da za ta dora alhakin kan kowane bangare," in ji Radev. "Duk da haka, kamar yadda na riga na fada, dabaru na nuna cewa sakamakon yana amfanar Tarayyar Rasha."
Yayin da hare-haren Rasha kan jigilar kaya ke kara matsawa kusa da iyakokin mambobin NATO, suna haifar da kalubalen tsaro masu girma ga kungiyar tsaron hadin gwiwa, wadda tuni ke fuskantar karuwar yakin hadaka na Moscow a fadin Turai. Akwai hasashe cewa kasashen NATO da abin ya shafa na iya tilastawa yin amfani da sashe na 4 na yarjejeniyar kungiyar, mataki da ke kasa da sashe na 5 na kiran kariyar kai na hadin gwiwa. An riga an taba shi sau biyu dangane da yakin Ukraine – a bayan harin Rasha kan Ukraine a 2022 da kuma Poland a 2025 bayan jiragen marasa matuki na Rasha sun keta sararin samaniyar Warsaw – kuma yana kira ga tattaunawa ta gaggawa kan barazanar tsaro.
Ranar Alhamis Mark Rutte, babban sakataren NATO, ya gana da Radev da Nicușor Dan, shugaban Romania, don tattauna tsaro a Bahar Maliya. Rutte ya ce: "NATO za ta ci gaba da aiki kusa da abokanmu a Bahar Maliya, tana daidaita hanyoyin hana mu da matsayinmu na tsaro yadda ya kamata." Wani sakamakon hare-haren da ke karuwa shi ne sabuwar hadarin rikicin abinci na duniya. Ukraine da Rasha manyan masu fitar da hatsi ne, haka kuma Romania. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Masu cin abinci a wani gidan abinci da ke kallon tashar jiragen ruwa a Varna. Hoto: Nikolay Doychinov/AFP/Getty Images "Muna kallon Bahar Maliya a matsayin jijiyar abinci ta duniya," in ji Oana Toiu, ministar harkokin wajen Romania, a wani taron tsaro a Warsaw a makon da ya gabata. "Abin takaici, a halin yanzu shi ne teku mafi muni ta fuskar asarar rayukan ma'aikatan jirgin a 'yan watunan nan. Wannan yana nufin muna bukatar saka jari mai yawa a hana da tsaro." Damien Chevallier, darektan tsaron teku a Kungiyar Jiragen Ruwa ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya yi gargadi a watan da ya gabata game da tasirin dogon lokaci kan jigilar kaya daga hare-haren da ke da alaka da rikice-rikice a Ukraine da Gabas ta Tsakiya. "Tare da karuwar asarar rayuka a fadin Bahar Maliya, Bahar Maliya da Mashigin Hormuz, zama ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya zama sana'a mai hatsari da gaske," in ji shi. "Ba a horar da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa don fuskantar barazanar ayyukan da ke da alaka da manyan batutuwan tsaro ko yanayin siyasa.
"Abin da ya sa wannan lokaci ya zama wanda ba a taba gani ba ba adadin abubuwan da suka faru kawai ba ne, har ma da tsarin da ke bayansu. Jigilar kaya ta zama kayan aiki na ganganci na karfin siyasa."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi kan wannan batu
1 Me ke faruwa da hare-haren jiragen marasa matuki kan jiragen ruwa a Bahar Maliya
Duk Ukraine da Rasha suna amfani da jiragen marasa matuki na ruwa da na sama don kai hari kan jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa Ukraine ta kai hari kan jiragen yakin Rasha da tashoshin mai Rasha ta kai hari kan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Ukraine da wuraren hatsi
2 Menene jirgin mara matuki na ruwa
Karamin jirgin ruwa mai sarrafa nesa ko mai jagorantar kansa wanda ke daukar abubuwan fashewa ko kyamarori Suna da arha idan aka kwatanta da jiragen yaki kuma ana iya harba su da yawa
3 Me ya sa wannan ya shafi NATO
Bahar Maliya yana iyaka da mambobin NATO uku – Romania, Bulgaria da Turkiyya Hare-haren jiragen marasa matuki, nakiyoyin da ke yawo da kuma katsewar jigilar kaya kusa da wadannan gabar suna kara hadarin hatsari ko karuwar rikici da ya shafi kasashen NATO
4 Wadanne kasashen NATO ne suka fi fuskantar hadari
Romania da Bulgaria saboda kusancinsu da hare-haren Ukraine da Rasha da kuma hanyoyin jigilar kaya Turkiyya ce ke kula da mashigai zuwa Bahar Maliya kuma tana da hannu sosai
5 Yaya kusancin hare-haren da yankin NATO
Wasu hare-hare sun buge wurare kusa da iyakar Romania kuma tarkacen jiragen marasa matuki sun fado kan kasar Romania Romania ta tura jiragen yaki don mayar da martani
6 Shin jirgin mara matuki zai iya bazata ya buge jirgin NATO ko tashar jiragen ruwa
Wannan shine babban damuwa Jiragen marasa matuki na iya kaucewa hanya ko a datse su ko su kuskure wuraren da ake hari Wani hari na bazata kan yankin NATO zai iya haifar da tattaunawa kan Sashe na 5
7 Menene Sashe na 5
Sashen kariyar hadin gwiwa na NATO ana daukar hari kan memba daya a matsayin hari kan duka An taba yin amfani da shi sau daya kawai bayan 911
8 Shin NATO ta mayar da martani
Eh – mambobin NATO sun kara ayyukan tsaron sama da sa ido da sintiri na ruwa a yankin kuma Romania ta tura karin sojoji da na'urorin radar
9 Me ya sa Bahar Maliya yake da muhimmanci haka
Babbar hanya ce ta hatsi, mai da sauran kasuwanci Katsewa na kara farashin abinci da farashin inshora kuma yana barazana ga jigilar kaya ta duniya
10 Shin jiragen kasuwanci suna cikin hadari
Eh – an lalata jiragen farar hula da dama kuma masu inshora sun kara kudin jiragen da ke shiga yankin Kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun zama masu taka tsantsan
11 Menene nakiyoyin da ke yawo
Nakiyoyin ruwa da ke kwancewa daga inda aka daure su kuma suna shawagi ba tare da an san inda za su je ba Turkiyya, Romania da Bulgaria suna da rundunar hadin gwiwa don share su
