Lokacin da matasa suka yi zanga-zangar cewa gwamnati ta kasa kiyaye hakkinsu na ilimi, kuma gwamnati ta mayar da martani ta hanyar tura 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma, to ta ɓace hanya. Wataƙila mutane a wajen Faransa sun shafe makon da ya gabata suna kallon zanga-zangar ɗalibai a Paris da wasu biranen kuma sun yi tunani, "To, Faransa tana da dogon al'adar tayar da hankali," ko kuma, "Wannan kawai Faransawa ne suna zama Faransawa." Amma yanayin da ya haifar da ficewar makarantun sakandare da fushin matasa mai yiwuwa ba abin da za su haɗa kai tsaye da Faransar da suke tsammani ba. A maimakon ɓatacciyar hanyarta, gwamnatin Faransa tana da tarin labarai da ƙididdiga da ya kamata ta ji kunya da su: matsayi na 27 a sabon jerin martabar ilimi na OECD; makarantu da rufin da ke faɗuwa, beraye a cikin ajujuwa, kuma, a wata makaranta a Bagnolet, babu ruwan sha mai tsafta; ƙaruwar matsakaicin adadin ɗalibai a kowane aji daga 27 a 2010 zuwa sama da 30 a yau; rabin makarantun firamare da sakandare ba su da malamai a farkon shekarar karatu – da yawa ba su da masu maye ko wanda zai maye gurbinsu. Julie, wata malamar shekaru 34 da ta shiga zanga-zangar, ta gaya mini cewa ƙarancin ma'aikata laifin "ƙananan albashi da rashin kyakkyawar kulawa ne." Tana yin tafiyar awa ɗaya da minti 45 kowace hanya tsakanin Paris da makarantar da ke gefen birnin inda ta karɓi aiki a bara bayan ta sauya sana'a. Duk don €2,100 (£1,780) a wata, da ƙarin albashin kari. Albashin malamai a Faransa kashi 56% ne kawai na na Jamus – duk da cewa sama da €200bn na tallafin jama'a na zuwa kasuwanci kowace shekara. Don haka da ya iya zama tawaye da malamai suka jagoranta – a maimakon haka, ɗaliban sakandare da kansu suka fara tsagewa. Sun biya babban farashi don ƙin karɓar tsarin ilimi mai gazawa: ɗan shekaru 16 ya rasa amfani da ido ɗaya, ɗan shekaru 15 ya rasa hannu, ɗan shekaru 14 ya sami karyewar muƙamuƙi – duk daga harsashin 'yan sanda. Ƙari da ɗaruruwa sun ji rauni ta wata hanya. Gabaɗaya, an kama mutane 4,400, mafi yawansu ƙananan yara, cikin sama da mako guda, kusan rabin adadin da aka kama a cikin watannin rikicin gilets jaunes. Zai iya zama kamar rashin daidaituwa cewa ɗalibai masu zanga-zangar suna harba wuta a gine-ginen makarantar sakandare yayin da a lokaci guda suke yin Allah wadai da rashin kyawun wuraren da suke karatu. Amma rashin daidaituwar da ta fi girma ta gwamnati ce da ta janye jarin da take yi wa matasanta kuma ta zaɓi amsa konewar kwandon shara da tuhumar 'yan sanda. "Tabbas, wasu mutane suna kona kwandunan shara," Fatoumata Sylla Wague, 'yar shekaru 17 a shekara ta ƙarshe a Lycée Paul Éluard a Seine-Saint-Denis, inda ɗalibai ke cikin waɗanda suka fara kafa shingaye a wajen harabar makarantarsu, ta gaya mini. "Amma kwandunan shara ba sa jin komai." Ita da abokan karatunta, a gefe guda, sun ji hayakin da 'yan sanda suka harba a matsayin martani. Duk da yanayin zafi "da ba za a iya rayuwa ba" a gine-ginen makarantar, matsanancin zafi da matsanancin sanyi, bangon da aka lulluɓe da mold, yanke wutar lantarki, da kuma sau da yawa rashin isassun tebura ko kujeru ga kowa, Fatoumata ta fi son ta kasance a aji da ta fita tana fuskantar 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma. Amma tana son koyar da tarihi wata rana kuma ta ji dole, a wani lokaci na tarihi mai kama da Mayu 1968, ta shiga. "Idan ina gwagwarmaya don haƙƙinmu a yau, saboda ina matuƙar son koyarwa, amma cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Don haka wannan na ƙarni na gaba na ɗalibai da malamai ne." Duba hoto a cikakken allo Ɗalibai suna taruwa yayin shinge a makarantar sakandare ta Lycee Paul-Eluard a arewacin gefen Paris na Saint-Denis Hoton: Luc Auffret/Anadolu/Getty Images Ba zan iya tunanin yadda zai yi wahala zama matashi gabaɗaya a yau ba. A 2021 The Lancet ta gano cewa 75% na Faransawa masu shekaru 16-25 sun nuna alamun damuwar muhalli, suna gaya wa masu bincike cewa suna "tsoro" game da nan gaba. A Faransa da wajenta, ɗalibai da matasa ma'aikata suna ƙin AI sosai kuma suna da ra'ayin rashin fata game da makomar da take nufi. Game da Fatoumata kuwa, tana damuwa game da hawan ƙungiyoyin siyasa na hannun dama, a Faransa da sauran wurare.
Shekaru da yawa, gwamnatocin Faransa da suka biyo juna sun amsa matsaloli a wasu yankunan birane mafi fama da wahala a Faransa da tsauraran aikin 'yan sanda wanda sau da yawa ke kai wa matasa hari ta hanyar bincike na kwatsam da zai iya wulakanta mutum. Tsara manufofi na tsakiya kuma ya haifar da tsarin ilimi na ƙasa wanda akai-akai ke tura malamai mafi ƙarancin ƙwarewa zuwa waɗannan yankuna, yayin da yake ba manyan malamai fifiko lokacin neman canja wuri zuwa makarantu mafi sauƙi.
Gwamnatin hannun dama ta gaba—irin da Fatoumata ta ce tana damuwa da ita—kusan tabbas za ta ƙara tsananta waɗannan tashin hankali. Tuni, a matsayin martani ga zanga-zangar, 'yan siyasa na hannun dama sun yi kira da a ƙara tsauraran hukunci da ƙarin doka da oda. Amma wannan ba matsala ce da za a warware da ƙarin 'yan sanda da ƙarin sanduna ba, kamar yadda ba a riga an warware ta ba.
Domin babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke nuna gwamnati da ke matuƙar son saurare—yana nuna cewa al'umma gabaɗaya ba ta da'awar waɗannan wurare, ko waɗannan matasa, a matsayin nata. "On n'est pas mal éduqué, on n'est pas écouté" ("Ba mu da rashin ilimi, kawai ba a saurare mu"), in ji wata alama da na gani an ɗaga a Place de la République ta Paris ranar Talata.
Amsa wa rikicin zai buƙaci wasu ayyuka na zahiri, kamar inganta wuraren da suka lalace. Arnaud Richards, mai shekaru 50, shugaban ayyukan ɗalibai a makarantar tsakiya ta Iqbal Masih a Saint-Denis, ya ba ni misalin yadda gine-gine na hankali zai iya yin tasiri fiye da yadda mutum zai yi tsammani. Makarantar fasaha ta sakandare da ya yi aiki a baya—Gabriel Péri, a wani yanki mai matuƙar talauci—an sake buɗe ta a 2022 bayan cikakken sake ginawa, wanda a cewar Richards, ya haifar da kwanciyar hankali ga ɗalibai da malamai. "Samun makarantar kanta ta zama kyakkyawan wuri ya sa al'umma ta ji an ƙara girmama su," ya gaya mini. Wannan kuma "ya haifar da kwanciyar hankali" ga ɗalibai da ma'aikata.
Amma amsa ta gaske ba ta tsaya da ingantattun wurare ba. Zuwa yanke ribbon a sabon gini ko gyare-gyare bai isa ba. A cikin shekaru goma na Emmanuel Macron a kan mulki, gwamnatinsa, a kan batutuwa da dama, ta sha kasa saurare ta yadda mutane za su ji an gan su sosai kuma an saurare su.
Kamar yadda Fatoumata ta ce: "Gaskiya, ba na tsammanin gwamnati ta damu, kawai suna son rufe mu da alkawuran ƙarya. Mun san babu abin da zai canza, domin gwamnati ba ta saurare mu." Daga cikin duk abubuwan da ke faruwa ba daidai ba ga Faransa a halin yanzu, wannan rashin jin daɗin "haɗin kai"—jin cewa babu wanda ke saurare da gaske—shi ne abin da zai fi wahala a magance shi.
Alexander Hurst yana rubutu wa Guardian Europe daga Paris. Littafinsa na tarihin rayuwa Generation Desperation ya fito yanzu.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da labarin Babu wanda ke saurare mu a fagen zanga-zangar makaranta na ji dalilin da ya sa ɗaliban Faransa suke jin an yashe su na Alexander Hurst
Tambayoyin Farko
Q Menene wannan labarin ya kunsa
A Rahoto ne na kai tsaye daga wani ɗan jarida da ya ziyarci wata makarantar sakandare a Faransa a lokacin zanga-zangar ɗalibai Ya yi magana da matasa waɗanda suke jin gwamnati tana watsi da matsalolinsu
Q A ina wannan labarin ya faru
A A Faransa musamman a wata makaranta a wani gari da ake kira ChenneviressurMarne kusa da Paris
Q Su wa suke zanga-zangar
A Ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Faransa Suna toshe makarantunsu kuma suna tafiya don nuna cewa ba su ji daɗi ba
Q Me ya sa ɗaliban suke zanga-zangar
A Suna fushi da abubuwa da dama ajujuwa masu cunkoso rashin malamai gine-ginen makaranta marasa kyau da sabuwar manufar gwamnati da suka ce ba ta adalci ga ɗalibai daga iyalai matalauta
Q Menene ma'anar kalmar Babu wanda ke saurare mu a nan
A Ji ne da ɗaliban suke ji Sun yi imani gwamnati da manya masu iko suna yanke shawara game da iliminsu ba tare da tambayarsu ko kula da abin da suke tunani ba
Tambayoyin Matsakaici
Q Menene manufar haɗa al'umma da ɗaliban suka fusata da ita
A Shirin ne na canza yadda ake sanya ɗalibai a makarantu Manufar ita ce a haɗa ɗalibai daga sassa daban-daban da matakan kuɗi ta yadda ɗalibai matalauta ba za su kasance duk an tara su a makarantu mafi muni ba Ɗaliban sun ce ana yin shirin da kyau ba kuma zai cutar da su a zahiri
Q Me ya sa ɗaliban suke jin an yashe su
A Suna ganin makarantunsu suna rugujewa rufin da ke yoyo bayan gida da suka lalace rashin isassun malamai Suna jin gwamnati tana kashe kuɗi kan wasu abubuwa amma ba kan iliminsu na asali ba Suna kuma jin cewa babu wanda ke cikin iko da ke ɗaukar korafe-korafensu da muhimmanci
Q Waɗanne matsaloli ne na musamman a makarantunsu
A Labarin ya ambaci
Ajujuwa da ɗalibai sama da 35
Malamai da ba sa nan kuma ba a maye gurbinsu
Tsofaffin gine-gine masu datti da rashin tsaro
Rashin isassun masu ba da shawara da ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta
Q Me ɗaliban suke so gwamnati ta yi
