A cikin wani gida mai zaman kansa da ke kallon Tsibirin Summer a arewa maso yammacin Scotland, sautunan kaɗe-kaɗe na gargajiya na Gaelic duo sun cika wani ɗaki da ke cike da mawaƙa, masu ba da labari, masu fasaha, mutanen gida da masu shagali, wanda aka ƙawata da fitilu masu siffar kifi da alamun "Barka da Ranar Haihuwa". Ba ranar haihuwa ta yau da kullum ba ce. A wani dare mai iska a Achiltibuie, jerin ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka na bakin teku a arewacin Ullapool, waɗannan mutane sun taru a cikin ƙaramin gida don bikin wani muhimmin mataki a tarihin al'umma: yaƙi mai wahala don kare ruwansu daga lalacewar da ake yi ta hanyar hakar scallop. Ta tagogin gidan, bakin tekun ya bayyana da launin toka mai ƙarfe, cike da gadaje na ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan halittu masu rai da carbon a Birtaniya - wani seaweed mai ruwan hoda mai shekaru 9,000 da ake kira maerl, wanda gadaje biyu daga cikinsu suna da tsawon mil ɗaya. Wannan seaweed mai wuya, mai rauni kuma mai barazana yana samar da kwarangwal mai wuya, mai kama da alli, mai kama da murjani waɗanda ke zama wuraren renon scallops da kifi. Yanzu, shekaru 10 bayan da mutanen gida, masu nutsewa, masu fafutuka da masunta na creel suka gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe mai nasara don hana hakar scallop ta hanyar doka a cikin yanki na murabba'in kilomita 600 (acre 150,000) wanda yanzu aka keɓe shi a matsayin yankin kariya na ruwa (MPA), sun ce sun riga sun ga farfadowar rayuwar ruwa mai ban mamaki. Mutanen gida sun ce sauyin gadajen teku da shekaru da dama na hakar ya lalata ya ba da damar yawan scallop su farfado kuma ya kawo ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe masu ɗaci tsakanin jiragen ruwa na hakar masana'antu da ƙananan jiragen ruwa na creel masu dorewa. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Rayuwar Highland tana tafiya a hankali a Achiltibuie, tana kallon Badentarbat Bay. Hoto: CW Images/Alamy Duba hoto a cikakken allo Ƙwai na herring a kan maerl. Wurin seaweed mai wuya yana da shekaru 9,000. Hoto: Chris Rickard/BHA Ƙungiyar kwale-kwale ta al'umma da masu gudanar da yawon buɗe ido na kusa sun ba da rahoton ƙarin ganin whales, porpoises da dolphins. An ga wani babban wurin haihuwa na herring - wanda a da yake da yawa a nan amma tun daga lokacin an wuce gona da iri - a kusa, da kuma a cikin creels na prawn da lobster, ko tukwane, da aka ajiye a gadajen teku. Diyanne Ross, mai shekaru 65, mai fasaha na gida wanda ya yi fitilun, wani ɓangare ne na Blue Hope Alliance (BHA), haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyi da ke amfani da kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa don kare yanayin ruwa a arewa maso yammacin Highlands. Ta ce nasarorin da al'umma suka samu wajen kare wuraren zama na ƙarƙashin ruwa sune "mafi ban mamaki abin da ya faru a Tsibirin Summer. Tsibiri ne da aka yi a sama don kiwo kifi." Duba hoto a cikakken allo Orfhlaith McDevitt, wanda ke gudanar da ƙungiyar kwale-kwale ta Coigach Community. Hoto: Samuel James-Griffiths/The Guardian Tun tana yaro, Ross ta tuna fita teku don "akwatuna" na haddock, ling, pollack da cod - kafin yawan su ya ragu. Amma ta ga alamun farfadowa na kwanan nan. "Akwai ƙarin iri-irin kifi da ake kamawa a nan fiye da da," in ji ta - masunta suna kama haddock da cod. A waje a kan tashar jiragen ruwa, wani ƙwararren masunci da ke hutu daga Glasgow wanda ya jajirce da iska don kama abin da zai iya an ba shi lada da sabbin mackerel uku. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Mai fasaha na gida Diyanne Ross. Hoto: Samuel James-Griffiths/The Guardian Farfadowar hannun jari na scallop, in ji Alasdair Hughson, mai nutsewar scallop, shugaban Ƙungiyar Masunta ta Creel ta Scotland (SCFF) kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa BHA, ya kasance "babba" kuma sauyin gadajen teku kamar "dare zuwa rana". Shekaru goma da suka wuce, wani jirgin ruwa da ke ba da scallops na hannu ga kamfaninsa, Keltic Seafare, zai shafe makonni biyu kawai a Tsibirin Summer. Hughson, wanda kamfaninsa ke ba da shellfish ga gidajen abinci na Birtaniya, ya yarda cewa kasuwancinsa zai amfana daga haramcin hakar, amma ya ce nutsewa da hannu ya fi dorewa - da'awar da bincike daga Open Seas ya goyi bayan. Ƙungiyar kare muhallin ruwa ta gano cewa hanyoyin kamun kifi masu ƙarancin tasiri, kamar nutsewa da creeling, ba kawai sun fi dorewa fiye da hakar ko trawling ba amma kuma suna adana ƙarin kudaden shiga da ake samarwa a cikin tattalin arzikin gida. Yanzu, jirgin ruwa na creel na Donna Marie, wanda Gary Lewis na Ullapool ke jagoranta, yana tafiya zuwa Tsibirin Summer kusan duk shekara. Lewis, wanda a da yake da Kafin haramcin hakar, suna tafiya nesa, zuwa Skye da Tsibirin Yamma. "Ba kawai kamun da aka inganta ba, amma lafiyar gadajen teku gaba ɗaya," in ji shi. A tsakiyar bikin Maerl-Herring na tsawon karshen mako, wanda ke nuna ba da labari, ayyukan fasaha da fim, akwai ƙaddamar da jama'a na rahoton BHA wanda ke rufe shekaru goma na nazarin kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa. Jason Hall-Spencer, farfesa a ilimin halittun ruwa a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cyprus wanda ya rubuta rahoton, ya ce yana nuna haramcin hakar a cikin MPA na Wester Ross - wanda aka kafa don kare wuraren zama na maerl masu girma a hankali da sauran siffofin ruwa - ya yi aikinsa. Ya "kare maerl sosai," in ji shi.
Alasdair Hughson, mai nutsewar scallop, shugaban SCFF kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa BHA, an nuna shi. Hoto: Samuel James-Griffiths/The Guardian
Hall-Spencer, marubucin Matsayin Kare Wuraren Zama na Maerl a arewa maso yammacin Scotland, wanda NatureScot ta ɗauki nauyin wani ɓangare, ya yi carbon-dating na maerl a cikin bay a matsayin shekaru 9,000. "Idan masu hakar scallop sun shafe shekaru 10 da suka gabata suna hawa da sauka a nan, da wurin zama ya lalace," in ji shi. Wucewa ɗaya na kayan ja mai nauyi, kamar wanda masu hakar scallop ke amfani da shi, na iya murƙushe ko binne har zuwa 70% na maerl. "Gadajen teku yanzu yana da wadata sosai. Maerl wuri ne mai matukar muhimmanci, cike da bivalves waɗanda ke ba da abinci ga skates da rays."
Peter Drake, mai shekaru 73, mai kamun prawn mai ritaya daga Polbain, ƙauyen da ke cikin Achiltibuie, ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sea Change Wester Ross, ƙungiyar yaƙin neman zaɓe da SCFF ke tallafawa wacce ta girma ta zama BHA. "Yana da kyau a tuna abin da muka cim ma a nan," in ji Drake. "An riga an sami ingantawa a yawan kifi, amma zai ɗauki lokaci."
Orfhlaith McDevitt, mai shekaru 25, wanda ya zauna a nan shekaru biyu da rabi kuma ke gudanar da ƙungiyar kwale-kwale ta Coigach Community, ya ce: "Mutanen ƙungiyar sun ce suna ganin ƙarin minke whales, dolphins da porpoises fiye da yadda suka gani shekaru 10 da suka wuce."
Shekaru da yawa kafin Ocean, shirin bidiyo na David Attenborough, ya haifar da fushi ta hanyar nuna hotunan masu hakar scallop suna lalata gadajen teku, suna haifar da lalacewar da za a iya gani daga sararin samaniya, Sea Change da SCFF sun tattara tarin shaidu na lalacewar da masu hakar scallop ke yi ga wuraren kamun kifi da gadajen teku a Wester Ross.
Sara Nason, cikin hular bobble, tana hira da baƙi a bikin Maerl da Herring. Hoto: Samuel James-Griffiths/Guardian
An gabatar da takardun ga ministocin Scotland a majalisa. A cikin 2016, duk da tsananin adawa daga masu fafutukar hakar, an haramta hakar scallop ta hanyar doka a cikin MPA na Wester Ross, wanda yanzu shine yanki mafi girma da aka kare a duniya don maerl. An ba da izinin trawling na prawn a wuraren da aka keɓe, yayin da nutsewa da hannu don scallops da kamun creel ta jiragen ruwa na gida ƙasa da ton 150 suma an ba su izini. Tsarin maerl mai girma uku yana ba da damar matakan oxygen mai yawa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga scallops, kuma yana fitar da wani sinadari da ke jan su.
Amma barazanar ga yanayin muhalli ta kasance: binciken BHA ya kuma nuna lalacewar maerl a wasu wurare - daga masu hakar ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma ci gaban algal mai ɓarna wanda masana kimiyya suka yi imanin zai iya faruwa sakamakon abubuwan gina jiki daga gonakin salmon.
Ba da damar yanayi ya ce: me ya sa masana kimiyyar ruwa na Scotland suka nada teku a cikin hukumar su
"Mun san cewa gonakin salmon suna sanya ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ruwa," in ji Sara Nason, ɗan jarida kuma mai yin shirin bidiyo wanda ya kafa Sea Change, wanda daga baya ya zama BHA kuma ya shirya bikin Maerl-Herring. BHA yanzu ta ƙaddamar da wani aiki na shekaru uku tare da tallafi fiye da £153,000 daga Asusun Gado na Lottery na Ƙasa da ƙarin tallafi daga membobin Hukumar Kifi ta Salmon ta Arewa & Yamma, don ci gaba da aikinsa.
A wani wuri, yaƙin don tekun Scotland yana ci gaba. Gwamnatin Scotland, wacce aka soki a watan Yuni ta hanyar mai sa ido mai zaman kansa Environmental Standards Scotland saboda rashin cika aikinta na doka na dawo da kare gadajen teku, ta ƙaddamar da shawarwarin jama'a kan inganta kariya ga wuraren zama na ruwa da Theresa Ross, wanda ke gudanar da Achiltibuie Stores don al'ummar kusan mutane 250 da ke zaune a wannan yanki na bakin teku, ta ce MPA "ana goyon bayanta sosai" daga mutanen gida saboda "yana tabbatar da kamun kifi ya fi dorewa." Amma ga al'ummar karkara ta bakin teku, inda teku ke tallafa wa rayuwa kuma akwai ƙananan ayyuka, akwai damuwa masu gasa, in ji ta.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Wurin da za a yi bikin maraice a bikin Maerl da Herring a Achiltibuie. Hoto: Samuel James-Griffiths/The Guardian
"Akwai mutane da yawa da ke aiki a gonar kifi a nan fiye da masunta," in ji Ross, wanda mijinta yana ɗaya daga cikin kusan masunta shida a ƙauyen, yayin da ɗanta yana ɗaya daga cikin 10 da ke aiki a gonakin. "Ina goyon bayan halin da ake ciki. Amma gonakin kifi ayyuka ne na cikakken lokaci, aikin da aka tabbatar da shi kuma ana biya sosai," in ji ta. "Ba su dogara da yanayi ba, kamar kamun kifi."
Duk da haka, Nason tana ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa da suka yi farin ciki cewa ƙarshen hakar ya kasance nasara mai girma, tana kwatanta kare gadajen maerl a matsayin "fiye da maras kima ... Mun sami farfadowar dukan yanayin muhalli."
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
FAQs Yadda Tsayar da Hakar Ya Ceci Tekun Tsibirin Summer na Scotland
Tambayoyin Farko
Menene hakar
Hakar ita ce al'adar jan kayan ƙarfe masu nauyi a kan gadajen teku don ɗebo shellfish kamar scallops da clams Yana goge duk abin da ke kan hanyarsa ba kawai nau'in da ake nema ba
Ina Tsibirin Summer suke
Ƙananan rukuni ne na tsibirai a bakin tekun arewa maso yammacin Scotland kusa da Ullapool a cikin Scottish Highlands
Menene ake hakawa a can
Yawanci scallops Jiragen ruwa suna jan manyan kayan haka a kan gadajen teku don tattara su
Me ya sa hakar ta kasance matsala
Ya lalata wurin zama na gadajen teku yana daidaita reefs yana farfasa gadajen maerl masu kama da murjani da kuma shafe rayuwar ruwa da ke zaune a can Ya kuma kashe ƙananan kifi da sauran halittu a matsayin bycatch
Menene ma'anar Beyond Priceless
Sunan yaƙin neman zaɓe ne wanda ya bayar da hujjar cewa gadajen teku na Tsibirin Summer ya fi daraja da rai ga namun daji kamun kifi da al'umma fiye da riba na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga hakar
Shin tsayar da hakar ya taimaka da gaske
E Bayan an gabatar da matakan kariya gadajen teku ya fara farfadowa Rayuwar ruwa ta dawo kuma yankin ya zama mafi lafiya ga kifi namun daji da masunta na creel na gida
Tambayoyin Matsakaici
Wane irin wurin zama ake lalata
Gadajen maerl reefs na flame shell da sauran al'ummomin gadajen teku masu rauni Waɗannan suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa ko ƙarni don samuwa kuma ana iya lalata su cikin sauƙi
Su wa suka matsa don tsayar da hakar
Masunta na creel na gida ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli kamar Open Seas da membobin al'umma waɗanda suka dogara da gadajen teku mai lafiya Sun bayar da hujjar cewa hakar ba ta dace da makomar yankin na dogon lokaci ba
Yaya aka tsayar da hakar
Ta hanyar yaƙin neman zaɓe da matsin lamba na doka da manufofi gwamnatin Scotland ta gabatar da haramci kan hakar scallop a takamaiman yankunan bakin teku ciki har da kewayen Tsibirin Summer
Menene fa'idodin haramcin
Wuraren zama na gadajen teku sun fara farfadowa
Ƙarin kifi da namun daji na ruwa sun dawo
Masunta na creel na gida sun ga ingantattun kamun kifi
Yankin ya zama mafi jan hankali ga yawon buɗe ido da nutsewa
Akwai adawa
E Wasu masu aikin hakar na kasuwanci sun yi adawa da haramcin suna jayayya cewa ya cutar da rayuwarsu Muhawarar ta kasance game da riba na ɗan gajeren lokaci da dorewa na dogon lokaci
