**Scotland: daga gaɓar teku zuwa gaɓar teku**
Hanyar: Inverness zuwa Kyle na Lochalsh
Wane gefe zan zauna? Fara a dama, sannan ka koma hagu.
Nisa: mil 83 (kilomita 133)
Lokaci: awa 2 da minti 40
Yawan tafiya: jiragen ƙasa 4 a rana (2 a ranar Lahadi)
Tikitin: £32 guda ɗaya
Mai gudanarwa: ScotRail
Akwai hanyar jirgin ƙasa guda ɗaya kawai a Biritaniya inda jirgin ƙasa na yau da kullun na gida ke ba ka ra'ayoyin gaɓar teku ta yamma da ta gabas – layin daga Inverness zuwa Kyle na Lochalsh. Ga gaɓar teku ta gabas, ka duba Cromarty Firth a dama yayin da jirgin ƙasa ke kusantar Dingwall, kusan rabin awa bayan barin Inverness. Daga baya, za ka sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau na tafkunan teku na gaɓar yamma yayin da jirgin ƙasa ke gangarowa zuwa gaɓar Tekun Atlantika a Kyle. A tsakani, jirgin ƙasa yana tsayawa a wurare masu sunaye iri ɗaya kamar Achnashellach, Achnasheen, Achanalt, da Attadale, kewaye da yawancin shimfidar wurare marasa kowa.
Minti 20 na ƙarshe zuwa Kyle suna ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi na gaɓar teku, tudun ruwa, da tsibirai. Rana tana haskakawa a kan Loch Carron, tare da kyawawan ra'ayoyi zuwa arewa zuwa yankin Applecross na daji. Hatattun ruwa suna motsawa daga hanya yayin da muke kusantar Duncraig, kuma da sauri muna shiga Kyle na Lochalsh.
**Ireland: daga Dublin zuwa Wicklow**
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
'Wani aikin injiniya na ban mamaki': hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta yanke ƙarƙashin Bray Head a Ireland. Hoton: Vitalli/Alamy
Hanyar: Dublin Connolly zuwa Arklow
Wane gefe? Zauna a hagu.
Nisa: mil 50
Lokaci: awa 1 da minti 45
Yawan tafiya: jiragen ƙasa 6 a rana (3 a ranar Asabar da Lahadi)
Tikitin: €8.85 guda ɗaya
Mai gudanarwa: Irish Rail
Mutanen London na iya yin mamakin sanin cewa Dublin tana da jiragen ƙasa na masu tafiya kafin babban birnin Burtaniya. Jirgin ƙasa na farko na Ireland ya gudana daga Westland Row zuwa Kingstown (yanzu Dún Laoghaire), wani yanki na titin da yanzu ke aiki a matsayin farkon kyakkyawar hanya da ta miƙe har zuwa Wexford da Rosslare a kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Ireland. Yankin gaɓar teku mai ban sha'awa a kudu da Dún Laoghaire wani aikin injiniya ne na ban mamaki, yayin da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ke yanke ƙarƙashin Bray Head. An tsara shi ta hannun babu wani sai Isambard Kingdom Brunel kuma yana kama da shahararren hanyar jirgin ƙasa na gaɓar teku a Dawlish a Devon.
Kudu da Bray Head, hanyar jirgin ƙasa tana rungumar gaɓar teku, tare da kyawawan ra'ayoyi na tuddai na Wicklow a yamma da kuma Murrough Wetlands a kusa. Masu son gaɓar teku na iya son tsayawa a Wicklow, amma ina ba da shawarar ci gaba da tafiya na ɗan gajeren tafiya ta cikin tuddai da ƙasa ta Vale na Avoca, tare da gandun daji masu yawa. Ka sauka a Arklow, inda hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta sake haɗuwa da gaɓar teku.
**Jamus: kan teku zuwa tsibirin Sylt**
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Kallo zuwa Tekun Wadden zuwa tsibirin Sylt. Hoton: Peter Schatz/Alamy
Hanyar: Husum zuwa Keitum
Wane gefe? Zauna a hagu.
Nisa: mil 44
Lokaci: awa 1
Yawan tafiya: jiragen ƙasa kowane awa
Tikitin: €21.60 guda ɗaya
Mai gudanarwa: DB
Ba za ka iya taimakawa ba sai ka yi sha'awar ƙudurin injiniyoyi da masu tsara shirye-shiryen Jamhuriyar Weimar waɗanda suka gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Sylt. Wannan yanki mai yashi na ƙasar Jamus shine mafi girma a tsakanin tsibiran Arewacin Frisian. Hanyar gargajiya ta isa Sylt ita ce ta jirgin ruwa daga tashar jirgin ruwa a ƙasar da aka bai wa Denmark bayan Yaƙin Duniya na farko. Don haka an gina wata hanya ta ƙetare Tekun Wadden don isa Sylt. An buɗe ta a shekara ta 1927, kuma ƙarni bayan haka, hanyar Hindenburg har yanzu ba ta da motoci – kuma tun daga tsakiyar Afrilu na wannan shekara, a karo na farko, za ka iya hawa jirgin ICE na zamani kan teku zuwa Sylt.
Barin Husum, wani gari na gaɓar teku wanda kasuwancin kifin herring ya tsara, muna haye tashar jirgin ruwa na garin a kan wata babbar gada. A ƙasa, gungun kwale-kwalen kamun kifi suna zaune a bakin ruwa. Sa'an nan muna tafiya arewa bisa dausayi da makiyaya, duk an kiyaye su da manyan tudu don hana ambaliya.
Daga jirgin ƙasa, da gaske za ka fahimci waɗannan shimfidar wurare tare da sararin sama mai nisa. Amma teku yana da nisa, an hana shi da tudun ruwa. Wannan yana canzawa bayan Klanxbüll, inda hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta juya yamma kuma ta haye laka mai gishiri don isa teku a buɗe. Duba teburin ruwa kuma ka yi wannan tafiya a lokacin ruwa mai girma – da kyau a ranar guguwa. A waɗannan yanayi, abu ne da ba za a manta da shi ba. Ka sauka a Keitum, wanda ina ganin shine mafi kyawun ƙauye a Sylt. Daga tashar, yana da sauƙin tafiya zuwa ƙauyen, inda za ka sami wuraren shan kofi da yawa da kuma kyawawan rufin Frisian na ciyawa da gables.
**Spain: Galicia's Spectacular Fjords**
Gaɓar teku mai dutse a kusa da Ortigueira a arewacin Galicia, yana wucewa kusa da Acantilados de Loiba.
Hoton: Chechu de la Fuente/Alamy
**Hanyar:** Ribadeo zuwa Ferrol
**Wane gefe za a zauna:** A dama
**Nisa:** mil 91
**Lokaci:** awa 3 da minti 10
**Yawan tafiya:** jiragen ƙasa 4 a rana
**Tikitin:** €11.15 hanya ɗaya
**Mai gudanarwa:** Renfe
Wannan kyakkyawar gajeriyar tafiya ce da ke bin gefen yamma na mafi girman hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai kunkuntar ma'auni a Turai. Layin yana gudana daga iyakar Faransa a Hendaye ta cikin Yankin Basque kuma tare da arewacin Spain, yana wucewa ta Cantabria, Asturias, da Galicia. Ina da ra'ayi dabam-dabam game da dukan hanyar, saboda sau da yawa tana zuwa cikin ƙasa kuma tana iya zama maras sha'awa. Cikakken tafiya daga Hendaye zuwa Ferrol yana ɗaukar awa 20 a kan jiragen ƙasa, amma gajeriyar hawa a kan ƙarshen hanya daga Ribadeo tafiya ce mai ban sha'awa, tare da juyawa da karkacewa yayin da jirgin ƙasa ke kewaya gaɓar teku mai dutse a kusa da Ortigueira.
Ci gaban bakin teku mara kyau a yamma da Ribadeo ya fi kyau a yi watsi da shi. Ba da daɗewa ba, muna barin babbar hanya kuma mu koma gaɓar teku, tare da raƙuman ruwa suna karyewa a dama da kuma dajin eucalyptus mai yawa a hagu. Akwai ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa a kan manyan rias (magudanan ruwa) waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a gaɓar Galicia. Ka sa ido ga Cape Ortegal a arewa. Lokacin da na ɗauki wannan hanya a safiyar tsakiyar hunturu, da wuya akwai fasinjoji goma sha biyu a cikin jirgin na mafi yawan tafiya, kodayake lambobin sun ƙaru a cikin rabin awa na ƙarshe yayin da masu siyayya zuwa Ferrol suka shiga mu.
Wannan jirgin ƙasa ne na gida mai sauƙi—waɗanda ke neman alatu a kan titin jirgin ƙasa na iya fifita jirgin El Transcantabrico na haya, wanda ya haɗa da Ribadeo zuwa Ferrol a matsayin wani ɓangare na tafiyar kwana bakwai, a farashi mai yawa.
**Italy: Tare da Gaɓar Calabrian**
Gaɓar Ionian a kusa da Capo Spartivento a ƙarshen kudancin Italiya.
Hoton: Antonio Violi/Alamy
**Hanyar:** Reggio di Calabria zuwa Soverato
**Wane gefe za a zauna:** A dama
**Nisa:** mil 100
**Lokaci:** awa 2 da minti 20
**Yawan tafiya:** Kowane awa 1 zuwa 2
**Tikitin:** €11.90 hanya ɗaya
**Mai gudanarwa:** Trenitalia
Yawancin masu yawon bude ido a kan jirgin Frecciarossa mai wayo a ƙasa gaɓar Calabrian suna sauka a Villa San Giovanni don ɗaukar jirgin ruwa zuwa Sicily. Daga can, minti 15 kawai zuwa Reggio di Calabria, inda duk jiragen ƙasa masu sauri daga arewacin Italiya da Roma suke ƙarewa. Wannan yana kama da ƙarshen layi da ƙarshen Italiya. Amma ba haka ba! Wani jirgin ƙasa na gida yana bin gaɓar Calabria, yana barin Mashigin Messina don isa gaɓar Ionian.
Babu wani jirgin ƙasa a Turai da ya rungumi gaɓar teku akai-akai kamar wannan yanki na Hanyar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Ionian. Yana daga cikin hanya mafi tsawo da ta miƙe har zuwa tsohuwar Taranto a Puglia, fiye da mil 290 daga Reggio di Calabria.
Wannan samfurin da aka ba da shawara na layin yana bin gaɓar teku a kusa da ƙarshen kudancin ƙasar Italiya. Hanya ce ta tudun ruwa da bays, zaitun da oleander, tare da haske mai ban mamaki na gaɓar teku mai canzawa da bambanci mai kaifi ga dazuzzuka masu duhu na Aspromonte waɗanda suka mamaye tuddai a hagu. A dama, babu komai sai teku tsakanin nan da gaɓar Libya.
**Turai ta Jirgin Ƙasa: Jagora Mai Ƙayyadaddun Bayani (bugu na 19)** na Nicky Gardner & Susanne Kries (Hidden Europe Publications, £21.99). Don yin odar kwafi akan £19.79, je zuwa guardianbookshop.com. Ana iya samun cajin isarwa.
**Tambayoyi da Aka Yi Yawa**
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da mafi kyawun layukan jirgin ƙasa na gaɓar teku a Turai waɗanda aka rubuta cikin yanayi na halitta tare da amsoshi bayyanannu
1 Menene ainihin abin da ke sa layin jirgin ƙasa ya zama na gaɓar teku ko na rungumar teku?
Layin jirgin ƙasa na gaɓar teku yana gudana kusa da bakin teku sosai, sau da yawa ana ganin teku daga taga na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan hanyoyin yawanci suna da titin jirgin ƙasa da aka gina a kan dutse, rairayin bakin teku, ko tashar jirgin ruwa, suna ba da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa na ruwa, tsibirai, da ƙauyuka na gaɓar teku.
2 Za ka iya ambaci wasu daga cikin shahararrun layukan jirgin ƙasa na gaɓar teku a Turai?
Ee. Layin Cinque Terre tsakanin La Spezia da Genoa sananne ne. Wasu sun haɗa da West Highland Line, Flam Railway, Bernina Express, da layin Côte d'Azur daga Marseille zuwa Nice.
3 Shin waɗannan jiragen ƙasa masu ban sha'awa suna da tsada ko kuma zan iya amfani da katin Eurail na yau da kullun?
Yawancin waɗannan jiragen ƙasa ne na yanki na yau da kullun, ba jiragen ƙasa na musamman na yawon bude ido ba. Za ka iya amfani da katin Eurail ko Interrail a kan layin Cinque Terre, layin Côte d'Azur, da sassan West Highland Line. Flam Railway da Bernina Express suna buƙatar kuɗin ajiyar wuri daban ko da tare da katin.
4 Wane gefen jirgin ƙasa zan zauna don mafi kyawun ra'ayoyi?
Ya dogara da hanyar. Ga layin Cinque Terre, zauna a gefen dama. Ga layin Côte d'Azur, zauna a gefen hagu. Ga West Highland Line, mafi kyawun ra'ayoyi suna a gefen dama bayan Fort William. Koyaushe ka duba jagora ko ka tambayi ma'aikacin jirgin.
5 Shin ina buƙatar yin ajiyar tikiti a gaba don waɗannan hanyoyin?
Ga Flam Railway da Bernina Express, e—ka yi ajiyar akalla kwanaki kaɗan a gaba, musamman a lokacin rani. Ga layin Cinque Terre da Côte d'Azur, za ka iya siyan tikiti a tashar a ranar, amma yana da aminci ka yi ajiyar kan layi idan kana son tabbacin wurin zama a lokacin babban kakar.
6 Menene mafi kyawun lokacin shekara don ɗaukar jirgin ƙasa na gaɓar teku a Turai?
Ƙarshen bazara da farkon kaka suna da kyau.
