Bayan Brexit, ƙananan da matsakaitan kasuwanci a Biritaniya sun fuskanci hasarar da yawa. Wasu sun yi fatara, wasu sun yi ritaya da wuri, kuma da yawa sun yi ta fama don tsira. Tsakanin kasuwanci 16,000 zuwa 20,000 sun daina fitar da kayayyaki zuwa EU gaba ɗaya. Waɗanda suka ci gaba sun ce gwamnatin Boris Johnson ta tsara wani Brexit mai wuya wanda ya taimaki manyan kamfanoni, ba ƙananan na yau da kullum ba.
Simon Spurrell, mai yin cuku a Cheshire, ya ce Brexit bai jawo wa ƙaramin kamfaninsa mai saurin girma asarar £250,000 ba kawai—a ƙarshe ya jawo masa asarar kasuwancinsa. A shekarar 2021, ya kira Brexit "babban bala'i" da kowace gwamnati ta taɓa yin shawarwari. Da yake duban baya, bai canja ra'ayinsa ba. "Brexit shine mafi girman cutar da kai da kowace gwamnati ta yi wa kanta a tarihin kwanan nan," in ji shi.
A farkon 2021, Ben Fletcher, wanda ya jagoranci Logistics UK sannan yana Make UK a lokacin, ya kwatanta Brexit da "zagaye na biyar na jahannama na Dante." Bayan shekaru biyar? "Mun ƙara zurfafa, zuwa zagaye na bakwai ko na takwas na jahannama na Dante, a mafi munin yanayi," in ji shi.
Spurrell misali ne mai kyau. Ya gano cewa ba zai iya fitar da cukuɗinsa da ya samu lambar yabo zuwa EU ba saboda kowane siyarwa—ko da £30 ne kawai—yana buƙatar takardar shaidar lafiya ta £180 da ke tabbatar da cewa ya cika ka'idojin EU. Ya sayar da kasuwancinsa ga wani babban kamfani wanda zai iya ɗaukar aikin takardu. "Kowane ƙaramin kasuwanci da ke siyar da kayan dabbobi—nama, cuku, kiwo, ƙwai, har da abincin dabbobi—ya sha wahala sosai saboda ba su da damar babbar kungiya da za ta iya ɗaukar takardun kuma ta sami wanda ya keɓe masa," in ji Spurrell.
A watan Nuwamba, ya shiga wani ƙaramin kamfanin cuku na stilton a Derby, wani ɓangare na Hartington Creamery, inda dangin 'yarsa ke kula da garken shanu 300. Ya ce kasuwa ta fi wuya saboda Brexit ga kasuwanci waɗanda ba su isa su ɗauki nauyin takardun ba. "Ƙananan masu samarwa sun makale a wannan tsibiri, kuma dukkanmu muna fada da juna don rabon kasuwa ɗaya," in ji Spurrell.
Wani bincike na bayanan HMRC da Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Ƙasa ta yi a farkon wannan shekara ya nuna cewa fitar da kayayyakin gona—daga naman shanu zuwa cuku—zuwa EU ya ragu da kashi 37.4% a cikin shekaru biyar tun daga 2019.
Alastair Brooks, wanda ya mallaki gonar berry a Kent, shi ma ya daina kasuwanci. Brexit ya tura shi ritaya da wuri. "Mun daina kasuwancin watakila saboda 'yan siyasar da suka ba mu Brexit, maimakon Brexit da kansa," in ji shi. Ya zargi "rashin shiri da ma'aikatan gwamnati da gwamnati suka yi" da kuma gazawarsu na "tsara dabarun shekaru 10 ko hangen nesa" ga manoma bayan barin EU.
Ga gonaki, ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin Brexit shine ma'aikatan yanayi. Shekaru da yawa, sun yi hayar ma'aikata daga EU, galibi daga Romania da Bulgaria. Bayan Brexit ya ƙare 'yancin motsi, gonaki sun nemi ma'aikata daga wurare masu nisa. "An maye gurbinsu da mutane daga 'stans: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan," in ji Brooks. Kafin Brexit, ya gina tawagar ma'aikatan Turai masu aminci waɗanda ke zuwa don yanayi sannan su koma gida.
"Muna da tsarin da aka tsara tare da ƙasashen da muka san mutane za su koma. Amma sai kwatsam muna da shirin ma'aikatan yanayi inda wasu za su zo, kuma da zarar sun sami lambar inshora ta ƙasa, sai su tafi. Sun yi kuskuren tunanin cewa lambar NI tana ba su damar yin aiki a ko'ina," in ji shi.
Brooks ya ce ƙarancin ma'aikata bai taɓa faruwa ba, amma gudanar da kasuwanci da ya dogara da alkawuran gwamnati yana da wuya.
Tambayoyi da Amsoshi
Ga jerin tambayoyi game da labarin "Babban bala'i: Ƙananan kasuwanci sun yi tunani kan Brexit bayan shekaru 10"
Tambayoyi na Matakin Farko
1. Menene wannan labarin ya ke game?
Yana game da yadda masu ƙananan kasuwanci a Burtaniya ke jin game da tasirin Brexit shekaru goma bayan zaɓen. Yana tattara labaransu na gaske da takaici.
2. Me yasa kasuwancin ke kiransa "babban bala'i"?
Domin sun ce Brexit ya sa ciniki da Turai ya fi wuya, ya fi tsada, kuma ya fi ɗaukar lokaci. Da yawa suna fama don tsira.
3. Menene babbar matsala ga ƙananan kasuwanci bayan Brexit?
Babbar matsala ita ce sabbin takardu da farashi don fitar da kayayyaki zuwa EU, kamar bayanan kwastam da gwajin lafiya, waɗanda ba su buƙata a da.
Tambayoyi na Matakin Ci Gaba
4. Wane takardu ne kasuwancin ke kuka?
Abubuwa kamar cike fom ɗin kwastam ga kowane kaya, biyan VAT a gaba, buƙatar takardun asalin kayayyaki, da samun ƙarin gwaji ga abinci ko kayayyakin shuka.
5. Labarin ya ambaci wani fa'ida ga ƙananan kasuwanci?
A'a. Labarin ya fi mayar da hankali kan sakamako marasa kyau. Yawancin masu kasuwanci sun ce ba su ga wani fa'ida da aka yi alkawari ba, kamar rage ka'idoji ko sabbin yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci.
6. Yaya kasuwancin suka canza ayyukansu saboda Brexit?
Da yawa sun daina siyarwa zuwa EU gaba ɗaya, sun yi hayar ƙarin ma'aikata don takardu kawai, sun ƙara farashi ga abokan ciniki, ko kuma sun ƙaura wani ɓangare na kasuwancinsu zuwa Ireland ko nahiyar Turai.
7. Menene labarin ya ce game da Yarjejeniyar Kasuwanci da Haɗin Kai?
Ya nuna cewa yarjejeniyar ba ta magance matsalolin aiki ga ƙananan kamfanoni ba. Ta cire haraji akan yawancin kayayyaki, amma sabbin gwajin kwastam da tsarin mulki har yanzu suna haifar da jinkiri da tsada.
8. Ka ba ni misali na musamman daga labarin na matsalar kasuwanci?
Misali ɗaya shine mai fitar da cuku wanda yanzu yana buƙatar takardar shaidar lafiya ta daban ga kowane rukunin cuku, wanda ya fi tsadar cuku kanta. Wani shine kamfanin tufafi wanda ya rasa kashi 40% na siyarwarsa a EU saboda abokan ciniki sun biya kuɗin shigo da kayayyaki da ba a zata ba.
9. Wace shawara ce masu kasuwanci ke ba wa wasu?
Da yawa sun ce "Kada ka dogara ga gwamnati don taimako." Suna ba da shawarar ɗaukar ma'aikacin kwastam ko ƙwararren dabaru nan da nan, kuma a yi kasafin kuɗi don farashin jigilar kaya da gudanarwa mafi girma fiye da da.
