Wanene ya sani? A bayyane yake kowa sai ni: ba a sanya takalma a kan babban jirgin ruwa na alfarma. Yanzu, yayin da nake shirin taka a kan benen teak na farko a Nunin Jiragen Ruwa na Monaco, dole ne in cire takalman motsa jiki na, kuma ina cikin firgici game da safa na. Shin suna da ramuka? Shin ma sun dace? Shin suna wari?
Gaskiya, na yi ado ba daidai ba gaba ɗaya don babban nunin kasuwancin jiragen ruwa na alfarma na shekara-shekara na Turai. Ka'idar ado ga maza da alama ita ce tsafta da shigar da riga: manyan riguna da wando, shuɗi da fari, gyaran gashi da tabarau na zamani. (Na zaɓi launi, sako-sako da na yau da kullum.) Ga mata, wani abu ne kamar ƙawa na Riviera. Kowa – ko ɗan Italiya, Faransa, Ingila, Jamus ko Amurka, masu nuni, masu saye, dillalai ko masu haya – da alama sun san juna. Al'ummar jiragen ruwa na alfarma ta duniya da alama suna da kusanci, kuma ba ni cikinsu. Har yanzu.
Amma a yanzu, ina shiga jirgin ruwa na farko: Zeelander 8 mai matsakaicin girma – tsawonsa mita 23.9 (ƙafa 79), an gina shi a Netherlands. Yana da kamanni na baya, tare da kyawawan lanƙwasa da ƙarshen baya wanda bai bambanta da na Porsche ba. Zan iya tunanin James Bond a kan sitiyar. Yana da sauri kuma, yana kaiwa ga kullin 40 (mph 46); zan iya kasancewa a Saint-Tropez cikin sama da awa ɗaya.
A ƙasa akwai babban ɗakin mai shi, da wasu ƙananan ɗakunan baƙi biyu, duk suna da bandaki, tare da kyawawan bayanai da yawa, kamar bene na fata mai launin kirim. A cikin ƙananan ɗakin ma'aikata, akwai wuri ga biyu ko uku. Nawa ne kuɗinsa? Wannan a zahiri ba a sayarwa – wasu daga cikin jiragen ruwa a nan ana sayarwa, wasu na haya, wasu don nunawa kawai. Amma zan iya yin oda ɗaya kamarsa; zai ɗauki shekara ɗaya da rabi don ginawa kuma zai ci ni kusan €9.5m (£8m).
Abin sha'awa, tabbas, amma ina buƙatar ganin wasu kaɗan kafin in yi gaggawar yin wani abu. Ba zan iya hana lura cewa, idan aka kwatanta da wasu da ke cike da Port Hercules, Zeelander 8 ɗan … da kyau, ƙarami ne. Shin ma jirgin ruwa ne na alfarma? Da alama akwai muhawara game da tsawon da jirgin ruwa dole ya kasance don ya zama na alfarma – wasu suna cewa mita 24, wasu 30.
Babu tambaya game da wannan – Fast50, wanda masu ginin Italiya Baglietto suka yi, tare da wuri ga baƙi 12 da ma'aikata tara. Ba shi da sauri kamar na Dutch ɗin, duk da sunan. Injinansa huɗu suna kai shi ga kullin 30, amma wannan a zahiri yana da sauri sosai ga jirgin ruwa mai mita 50. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, jimillar nauyinsa, wanda ke nufin ƙarar ciki, 499 ne; jirgin ruwa mai ƙasa da 500GT ba ya ƙarƙashin tsauraran ka'idojin aminci da muhalli a ƙarƙashin Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya (IMO) da jiragen ruwa sama da 500GT ke da su, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarancin bincike kuma suna da ƙarancin hani kan girman ma'aikata da takaddun shaida. Abubuwan da na fi so su ne babban "kulob na bakin teku" (buɗaɗɗen bene a baya) da Jacuzzi a saman ƙarshen. Ka yi tunani: zama da gilashin fizz, cikin kumfa, a kullin 30, Céline Dion tana busa … a ina zan sa hannu?
Oh, kuma. Ba a sayarwa. Fast50 na farko, sabo daga farfajiyar jirgin ruwa, an riga an sayar da shi, amma ba za su gaya mini nawa ba ko ga wa (masu jiragen ruwa na alfarma na iya zama masu kunya sosai). Binciken ya ci gaba.
Matsalar da nake samu a nan Monaco game da jiragen ruwa na alfarma ita ce, kana tsammanin ka sami jirgin ruwa mai kyau, sannan ka duba can kuma akwai wanda ya fi girma, mafi kyau. Ba ni kaɗai ba – wannan yana bayyana a cikin Littafin Oda na Duniya, wanda Boat International ke bugawa, wanda ke bin ayyukan gini. GOB na 2026 ya ƙidaya adadin jiragen ruwa sama da mita 24 da ake ginawa a duniya a 1,093. A 2016, ya ƙidaya jiragen ruwa 755 da ake ginawa. Adadin na wannan shekara a zahiri ya ragu da 3.95% daga bara, amma wannan yana daidaitawa da haɓakar matsakaicin tsayi da jimillar nauyi. A wasu kalmomi, kaɗan kaɗan, amma suna girma. Ana buƙatar sabbin prefixes, "mega"…da "giga," amma don sauƙi za mu tsaya da jirgin ruwa na alfarma. A nan MYS 2026 akwai jiragen ruwa na alfarma 118, tare da jimillar tsayi na mita 5,508 da darajar €4.5bn. Duk da kunyar safa, na fara jin daɗi. Yawancin mutane suna da abokantaka. Rana ce mai kyau a Côte d'Azur – ana ba ni ice cream, fanan da aka yi da suna, da huluna na bambaro. Ba jiragen ruwa kaɗai ba; akwai wuraren nuni don komai da ke da alaƙa. Zan so in zo ɗanɗanon giya daga baya "don bincika yanayin giya na jiragen ruwa na alfarma"? Tabbas zan so. Ina sha'awar yin jirgin ruwa a Saudi Arabia? Hmmm, watakila shekara mai zuwa. Akwai kayan wasa da yawa a nuni – jetskis, eFoils, har ma da jiragen ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa. Kuma idan har yanzu kuna jin rayuwa a teku ta fi ban sha'awa, akwai na'urar kwaikwayon golf mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da kyamarori da na'urori masu auna sigina, da allon da ke da ɗaruruwan darussan golf na gaske da aka tsara a ciki. Don haka bayan kun jefa anka a St Barts za ku iya yin wasa a St Andrews. Yana da €170,000 (£143,000). Duba hoto a cikakken allo 'Zan iya saba da wannan.' Hoto: Sam Wollaston/The Guardian Kuma haka zuwa Nixie, wanda Lürssen ya gina a Jamus kuma mallakar wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Revolut Nik Storonsky: tsawon mita 102, tare da filin jirgin sama, wurin wanka mara iyaka mai gilashin ƙasa, wurin spa da lafiya na musamman, da ma'aikata 34, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana shagaltuwa da goge ƙarfe mara tsatsa a bene mafi ƙasƙanci. Samun shiga, duk da haka, "an tanada shi musamman ga abokan ciniki kai tsaye," in ji Lürssen PR. Wataƙila suna tunanin matsakaicin mai karanta Guardian ba ya cikin kasuwar hayan jirgin ruwa mai tsawon filin ƙwallon ƙafa. Nixie yana biyan €2.4m a mako don haya. Da yawa, na sani, amma idan kun raba shi tsakanin ku 12… Ko ta yaya, ba shi ma mafi girma a nan ba, wanda za a bar ni in shiga. Amma da farko na wuce wani – Boardwalk V, tsawon mita 76.5 kawai kuma shekaru biyar, amma wannan na sayarwa, a farashin rangwame! Saukar da €14m, zuwa €135m kawai. Ba tare da helikwafta ba. Boardwalk V… yana buga kararrawa. Na gane! Kuma yanzu tutoci biyu a wutsiyar helikwafta – taurarin Amurka da tutar Italiya – suna da ma'ana. Wannan jirgin na Tilman Fertitta ne, hamshakin attajirin da ya mallaki gidajen abinci, otal-otal, gidajen caca da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Houston Rockets, kuma yanzu jakadan Donald Trump a Italiya. Ya shiga labarai a watan Yuni lokacin da ɗaruruwan suka fito don nuna rashin amincewa bayan ya ajiye sabon jirginsa mai tsawon mita 117 (wanda kuma ake kira Boardwalk, amma ba tare da V ba) a Venice. Ya sami haɓaka – shi ya sa yake sayar da wannan. Gaskiya akwai wasu munanan abubuwa a nuni. Wannan yana kama da babbar motar 80s, wancan ya fi kama da gada fiye da jirgin ruwa, wani ja ne mai haske – kamar wani jirgin kashe gobara. "Ba na fahimtar abokan ciniki," in ji Rick. "Suna son wani abu mai girma da haske da kwanciyar hankali, ba su damu da wani abu ba." Rick kuma yana da zargi game da mutanen da ke sayar da waɗannan jiragen, dillalai. "Suna kama da dillalan gidaje, suna cewa: 'Duba ɗakin mai shi, duba duk hasken, manyan tagogi,' komai game da sararin ciki ne." Ka san me Rick yake yi? Eh, dillalin jirgin ruwa. Shi ya sa muka canza sunansa. Ya kuma nuna wani abu game da yadda suke kama. "Ban sani ba ko kun ji kwatancin, amma suna kama da goge-goge." Kamar goge-gogen lantarki, don yin goge-goge da su, kuma ya Allah, yana da gaskiya sosai – wannan siffar, mai nuni a gaba, sannan yana tashi da faɗiɗa yayin da kake zuwa baya, tare da dandalin ninkaya mai murabba'i… Kamar yadda Rick ya ce, "da zarar ka gan shi, ba za ka iya mantawa ba." A wani bincike na 2024, Oxfam ya gano jiragen ruwa na alfarma 23 mallakar attajirai biliyan 18 kuma ya kiyasta matsakaicin sawun carbon na shekara-shekara na kowane ɗayan waɗannan jiragen ruwa a tan 5,672. Ga matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa na duniya zai ɗauki shekaru 860 don samar da adadin daidai. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Nutsewa a fili… bandaki a ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa na alfarma. Hoto: Sam Wollaston/The Guardian
Oxfam sannan ya mai da hankali kan iyali ɗaya, Waltons, magada ga sarkar Walmart kuma masu jiragen ruwa na alfarma uku (a wannan matakin, ba game da masu da mallaka ba ne da masu jiragen ruwa ba—game da masu jiragen ruwa ne da masu yawan jiragen ruwa). Sun yi tafiyar mil 56,000 na ruwa a cikin shekara ɗaya tare da haɗin sawun carbon na tan 18,000. Wannan yayi daidai da hayaƙin carbon na kusan ma'aikatan Walmart 1,700.
Jiragen ruwa na alfarma suna amfani da man fetur mai yawa—wasu daga cikin manyan suna ƙone fiye da lita 500 na dizal a awa ɗaya, suna fitar da CO2 da nitrogen oxides da sulfur dioxide cikin yanayi. Bangaren jiragen ruwa na nishaɗi gaba ɗaya—ciki har da jiragen ruwa—yana samar da kusan tan miliyan 16 na CO2 a shekara. Kuma ba lokacin da suke motsi kaɗai ba; a anka suna gudanar da janareta a cikin jirgin don samar da wutar lantarki ga "lodin otal" (kwandishan, tsarin daidaitawa, haske, ɗakunan girki, wuraren wanka na zafi, da sauransu), waɗanda ke fitar da ƙarin CO2. A kan haka, manyan anka da sarƙoƙin jiragen suna aiki kamar lauje na mai girbi a kan ciyawar teku ta Posidonia da ke tsiro a ƙasan tekun Bahar Rum—muhimmin mazauni ga rayuwar teku da tushen iskar oxygen.
Kuma akwai ƙari da yawa daga cikinsu. Manyan haɓaka sun zo a 2022 da 2023 lokacin da, kamar yadda Boat International ya ce, "umarni sun yi tsalle yayin da UHNWIs ke neman ɓoyayyun wuraren hutu na sirri." UHNWIs, kamar yadda za ku sani, mutane ne masu matuƙar arziki. To me ya haifar da haɓakar? Domin jirgin ruwa na alfarma shine "hanya mafi kyau don aiwatar da nisantar zamantakewa a cikin aminci da kwanciyar hankali," in ji Grégory Salle. A wasu kalmomi, Covid ya kasance mai kyau ga bangaren jiragen ruwa na alfarma. Salle yana magana da ni ta bidiyo daga Lille, inda yake aiki a Cibiyar Binciken Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Faransa. Shi ne kuma marubucin littafin da aka yi bincike sosai kuma mai ban sha'awa Superyachts: Luxury, Tranquility and Ecocide, wanda ke da cikakken babi da aka keɓe ga ciyawar teku ta Posidonia.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Koru mai tsawon mita 127 na Jeff Bezos. Hoto: Giuseppe Catuogno/Alamy
Ecocide ba shine kawai laifin jirgin ruwa na alfarma ba. "Ya zama ainihin alamar arziki mai wuce gona da iri, mara hujja," in ji Salle. Ko da yake tazarar da ke tsakanin yawancin mu da mutanen da suka mallaki su kusan ba za a iya fahimta ba, "yana kama da tsokana, musamman lokacin da duk abin da kake ji da karantawa game da rikici ne, tsuke bakin aljihu, talauci—ciki har da talaucin yara."
Jiragen ruwa na alfarma kuma wani nau'in sabani ne mai iyo wanda Salle ya kira "keɓewa bayyananna. A gefe ɗaya ana nufin a lura da su—suna da girma, ba za ka iya rasa su ba. Amma a lokaci guda cikin yana ɓoye, kuma tabbas suna iya tafiya su tsere wa talakawa."
Salle yana amfani da kalmomi da jimloli kamar "plutocracy," "oligarchy" da sabuwar "global super-bourgeoisie" don kwatanta mutanen da suka mallaki su—"ajin jari-hujja na ƙasa da ƙasa" waɗanda ke aiki a waje da sama da iyakoki da dokoki. Duba bayan jiragen ruwa na alfarma, ƙarƙashin sunan, kuma kusan duk an yi musu rajista a wurare kamar Cayman Islands, Marshall Islands, Isle of Man da Malta—jihohin tuta da ke bayarwa, cikin sauran fa'idodi, tsaka-tsakin haraji.
Yana da wuya a ɓoye jirgin ruwa na alfarma, ko mallakar ɗaya. Mun san game da Launchpad mai tsawon mita 118 na Mark Zuckerberg da Koru mai tsawon mita 127 na Jeff Bezos, wanda aka kiyasta ya ci €444m. Koru ya haifar da hayaniya a 2022 lokacin da za a rushe wata gada mai tarihi a Rotterdam, abin tunawa na ƙasa na Dutch, don ba shi damar wucewa. Bayan hayaniyar, an kafa matsanansa a ƙasan rafi a ƙarshe. Koru a zahiri jirgin ruwa ne mai tafiya da iska, wanda zai iya zama kamar hanya mafi kore, amma Bezos kuma yana da jirgin tallafi mai tsawon mita 75—tare da ƙarin masaukin ma'aikata, filin jirgin sama, jirgin ruwa na ƙarƙashin ruwa, kwale-kwalen gudu da motoci—wanda ke bin Koru kamar kare mai aminci. Zuckerberg kuma yana da jiragen tallafi biyu.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo
Jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi a duniya… Azzam. Hoto: David Jalda/AlamyRoman Abramovich wani babban mai sha'awar jirgin ruwa ne. Ta amfani da takardun da aka fallasa, Forbes ya ƙidaya 16 mallakar oligarch ɗin Rasha. Manhajar wurin jirgina tana gaya mini cewa mafi girma daga cikin rundunarsa – Solaris (mita 140) da Eclipse (mita 162), dukansu an yi musu rajista a Cook Islands – yanzu suna ajiye a Tekun Marmara, kusa da Istanbul. Lokacin da gwamnatocin yamma suka kwace kadarorin oligarch ɗin Rasha bayan mamayewar Ukraine, Turkiyya ta ƙi shiga takunkumin kuma ta zama mafaka mai aminci.Eclipse ma ba ya eclipse komai. Jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi a duniya, a mita 180, shine Azzam, wanda aka ƙaddamar a 2013 don Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan na Abu Dhabi, wanda ya mutu a 2022, amma a cewar Boat International da gidan yanar gizon Superyacht Fan, Azzam har yanzu yana cikin iyali. A wannan matakin ba koyaushe a bayyane yake wanene ya mallaki jirgin ruwa ba, saboda ana iya riƙe su a cikin amintattu ko kamfanonin harsashi, wani lokaci a cikin yankuna da yawa.Shi ke nan Dilbar misali – ɗan gajeren fiye da Azzam amma mafi girma a duniya ta ƙara. A watan Yuni Bloomberg ya ruwaito cewa wata kotu a Jamus ta yanke hukuncin cewa takunkumi ba su shafi jirgin ruwan ba bayan gano rashin isassun shaida cewa hamshakin attajirin ɗan Rasha Alisher Usmanov ne ke kula da The Sister Trust, wanda a hukumance ya mallaki jirgin.Ko Kosatka, wanda a da Graceful, jirgin ruwa mai tsawon mita 82 da aka gani ana rakiyar jiragen ruwa na Rasha a cikin ruwan Danish a bazara kuma an ruwaito da yawa cewa yana da alaƙa da Vladimir Putin. Wani jirgin ruwa mafi girma, mai tsawon mita 140, Scheherazade mai €620m, wanda ke da filayen jirgin sama biyu, fasahar hana drone da ɗakin cryotherapy, har yanzu ana tsare shi a Italiya. Masu fafutuka da ke aiki ga jagoran adawar Rasha da aka sanya guba Alexei Navalny sun yi imanin cewa Putin ma ya mallaki ɗaya.
Babu wani sirri game da wanene ya mallaki Leviathan mai suna daidai, babban jirgin ruwa a Nunin Jiragen Ruwa na Monaco. Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin wasan bidiyo Valve, Gabe Newell, ba wai kawai ya mallaki Leviathan mai tsawon mita 111 ba, yana kuma mallakar jirgin tallafi Draak mai tsawon mita 93, wanda ke ajiye kusa da shi.
An ba ni izinin shiga Leviathan kuma na ɗan leƙa. An nuna mini babban yankin cin abinci, wanda Newell da baƙinsa ke rabawa tare da ma'aikata 42. Baya ga wurin wanka, akwai gidan sinima na waje, filin ƙwallon kwando, da babban ɗakin wasan bidiyo mai na'urorin wasa da na'urorin kwaikwayon tsere, buɗe ga kowa. Ma'aikatan kuma suna da sha'awar nuna haɓakar dizal-lantarki na Leviathan da tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi. Amma har yanzu yana da tankin mai na lita 494,000. Cika shi? Tabbas yallabai, wannan zai kai kusan miliyan ɗaya na euro.Duba hoto a cikakken alloLeviathan, babban jirgin ruwa a Nunin Jiragen Ruwa na Monaco. Hoto: Bloomberg/Getty ImagesBa cikakkiyar musun muhalli ba ne a Nunin Jiragen Ruwa na Monaco duk da haka, akwai aƙalla wasu amincewa da tasirin muhalli. Na shiga lambar yabo ta Blue Wake, "don mafita da ke bayar da tasiri mai aunawa kan dorewar jiragen ruwa". Don haka akwai kyauta ga kamfani da ke amfani da kayan da suka fi dorewa don cikin jiragen ruwa. Wani jirgin ruwa ya lashe Blue Wake saboda yana da matsayi, kuma wani tashar jiragen ruwa ya sami ɗaya don dasa tsire-tsire na Posidonia.Wannan duk labari ne mai kyau … amma a zahiri, idan ka duba, ba shi da kyau sosai. A cikin shekaru biyar an dawo da murabba'in mita 3,000 na Posidonia – yana da ban sha'awa, amma bisa ga lissafina wannan yanki ne na kusan mita 55 da mita 55. Jirgin da ke da matsayi? Babban, amma a zahiri akwai ƙarancin jiragen ruwa masu tafiya da iska a nan fiye da shekarun da suka gabata, yanayin yana zuwa ga ƙarfi, ƙari da ƙari.Yana kama da wanke-wanke na kore, alamun motsi. Ina da wani abokina ɗan Italiya wanda ke kiran waɗannan jiragen ruwa na alfarma stronzi di mare – takin teku. Kuma ka san abin da ba za ka iya yi wa taki ba. Babu kuɓuta daga gaskiya: cewa suna shan man fetur kamar babu gobe, wanda ba zai kasance ba idan an bar su su ci gaba; cewa babu wata alama mafi muni ta rashin daidaito; kuma cewa suna kama da goge-goge.Amma kafin in tashi cikin ƙyama, watakila zan shiga wancan ɗanɗanon giya. Cikin safa na.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da jigogin labarin na matsanancin arziki, hayaƙin jiragen ruwa na alfarma da ecocide
1 Menene nunin jirgin ruwa na alfarma
Babban nuni ne inda masu ginin jiragen ruwa da dillalai ke nuna jiragen ruwa na alfarmagalibi sama da mita 24 tsawonsu ga masu saye masu arziki Babbar Turai da ake yi a Monaco tana jawo attajirai da masu harkar a kowace shekara
2 Nawa ne kuɗin jirgin ruwa na alfarma
Sabbin jiragen ruwa yawanci suna farawa kusan miliyan 10 kuma suna iya wuce miliyan 500 A kan haka, kuɗin gudanarwa yakan kai 10% na farashin saye kowace shekara
3 Me ya sa jiragen ruwa na alfarma ke cutar da muhalli
Suna ƙone man fetur mai yawa Babban jirgin ruwa na iya fitar da carbon fiye da ɗaruruwan motoci na yau da kullum a shekara kuma da yawa suna amfani da dizal ba tare da kulawar gurɓatawa ba
4 Nawa ne jiragen ruwa na alfarma ke gurɓatawa a zahiri
Ya bambanta da girma da amfani amma bincike ya kiyasta cewa jirgin ruwa ɗaya babba na iya samar da dubban tan na CO a shekara wanda yayi daidai da hayaƙin rayuwar mutane da yawa
5 Menene ecocide
Ecocide yana nufin mummunar lalacewa mai yaduwa ko na dogon lokaci ga muhalli Wasu masu fafutuka suna jayayya cewa ya kamata a ɗauki matsanancin hayaƙin alatu a matsayin wani nau'i nasa har yanzu ba laifi ba ne a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa
6 Me ya sa mutane ke sayen jiragen ruwa na alfarma
Don sirri matsayi nishaɗi da tafiya zuwa wurare masu nisa Ga yawancin masu saye masu matuƙar arziki jirgin ruwa kuma alama ce ta nasara da ake gani
7 Menene manyan suka ga masana'antar jiragen ruwa na alfarma
Matsanancin hayaƙi gurɓatar ruwa da amo lalacewar anka ga ƙasan teku da tazarar da ke tsakanin sawun ƙaramin rukuni na manyan mutane da na kowa
8 Akwai jiragen ruwa na alfarma masu kore
Eh akwai jiragen ruwa masu haɗakarwa da na lantarki tare da na'urorin hasken rana da wutar lantarki daga bakin teku Amma yawancin har yanzu suna dogaro da man fetur kuma manyan samfuran har yanzu suna da gurɓatawa sosai
9 Waɗanne matakai na aiki ne ke rage tasirin jirgin ruwa
Sannu a hankali wutar lantarki daga bakin teku maimakon janareta a tashar jiragen ruwa kyakkyawan maganin sharar gida guje wa ƙasan teku mai rauni lokacin anka da biyan diyya ko da yake biyan diyya shine raunin maye gurbin rage amfani da man fetur
10 Shin matsanancin arziki yana haifar da matsanancin hayaƙi
Bincike ya nuna cewa mafi arziki mutane suna fitar da hayaƙi fiye da talakawa ta hanyar jiragen sama da yawa
