A ƙauyen da ke kudu da Grantham, manyan rumbunan ƙarfe uku na girgiza a cikin iska. A kusa da su, akwai masu mallakar filaye 15, wakilan filaye, da wasu matasa masu zuba jari—duk maza ne masu tsadar tufafi, da yawa suna nuna shakku. Yuni ne na 2022, kuma Sir Charles Raymond Burrell, Baronet na 10, yana bayyana yadda siyan kadada 1,525 (hekta 617) na filayen alkama da wake mai kama da daji zai iya canza noma da kiyaye yanayi, ba kawai a Kudancin Lincolnshire ba, amma a duk Biritaniya da ma bayanta.
Burrell, wanda kowa ya sani da Charlie, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar tafiya daga rumbunan da ke kusa da gidan noma na zamani mara kyau—babban jan bulo mai ƙananan tagogi kamar idanun alade. Mun fara ta hanyar haye filin wake. Kasa da ƙarni ɗaya da suka wuce, wannan ya kasance facin filaye goma da suka fi ƙanƙanta. Yayin da muke tafiya a kan ƙasa mai tauri da tsattsage, ba mu ga ko da kwari ɗaya ba. Daga baya, kusa da wani gefen hanya, wasu malam buɗe ido biyu suka wuce. Game da mutane, ba mu haɗu da kowa ba a cikin tafiyar mu na awa biyu da rabi a kan hanyoyin ƙafa da gefen filaye. "Wannan ƙasa ce da ta lalace," in ji ɗaya daga cikin baƙi, masanin tarihin gine-gine Matthew Rice. "Ba saboda ƙasa ba. Saboda babu mutane a nan. Na yi nadama cewa babu isassun stoats, amma ina so in ga wasu yara a nan ma."
Menene noma? Yawancinmu har yanzu muna tunanin hoton littafin labari daga ƙuruciya: shanu, alade, alkama, tafki, manomi, iyali. Gonar da ta yi aiki a wannan wuri kwanan nan ta fi dacewa da "hard-arsed" noma na yau, kamar yadda Burrell ya faɗa. Boothby Lodge Farm kasuwanci ne mallakar mai gida da ba ya zaune a wurin. Babu wanda ya rayu daga ƙasar ko a cikinta. Masu haya sun yi hayar gidan noma kuma suna aiki a wani wuri. Fiye da 92% na ƙasar filayen noma ne. Wani manomi kwangila kawai ya shigo da manyan injuna na ƴan kwanaki a kowace shekara don noman alkama da wake a cikin ƙasa mara kyau. An saki pheasants a kan 3% na gonar da ke daji. Don ƴan kwanaki a kowace hunturu, maza za su biya don harba su.
Boothby Lodge Farm ta sami ribar £250,000 a kowace shekara, amma rabin wannan ya fito daga "basic payment"—wani tallafi mai sauƙi, mai karimci don mallakar ƙasa wanda gwamnati ta shirya dakatarwa nan da 2027. Bayan haka, godiya ga gyare-gyaren da Michael Gove ya gabatar lokacin da yake sakataren muhalli, manoma za su sami "kuɗin jama'a don kayayyakin jama'a"—ma'ana ƙasarsu dole ne ta samar da ruwa mai tsabta, ƙasa mai lafiya, ko shingen ciyawa masu wadatar namun daji, waɗanda babu ɗayansu da Boothby ya yi.
Hard-arsed noma ya kasance babban abin da ya haifar da gudunmawar Biritaniya ga rikicin bacewar duniya. A cikin ƙarni da ya gabata, Ingila da Wales sun rasa 98% na filayen furannin daji. Mun kuma lalata rabin tsoffin dazuzzukan Biritaniya, rabin tafkunan ƙasa, 90% na dausayin ruwa mai daɗi, da 62% na duk tsuntsayen daji na "filayen noma".
Yayin da muke tafiya, Burrell ya bayyana yadda za mu iya juya wannan—aƙalla a wannan gonar. A ƙarshen 2021, kamfanin da ya kafa, Nattergal, ya sayi gonar akan £13.8 miliyan. Ya shirya barin shekaru 6,000 na tarihin noma a wannan ƙasa. Ba za a shuka amfanin gona ba. Ba za a ƙara taki ko magungunan kashe kwari a cikin filaye ba. Sun yi niyyar karya magudanan ruwa da tsararru na manoma suka yi haƙuri don cire ruwan sama daga filaye. Za a bar ƙasa ta yi ciyawa. Boothby Lodge Farm za ta zama Boothby Wildland.
Masu mallakar filaye sun saurara sosai ga wani shawara wanda zai firgita yawancin manoma. Sun yi haka saboda Burrell, tare da fara'a mai annashuwa, lafiyar jiki mai ƙarfi, da hannaye masu ƙarfi, ya yi kama da manomi mai aiki da ya taɓa horarwa. Wannan mai martaba mai ruɗi kuma yana da babban nasara a bayansa. A kan kadarorinsa na Kadada 3,500 na Knepp a West Sussex, shi da matarsa, Isabella Tree, sun juya tarihin noma a 2000. Bayan an yi musu ba'a daga makwabta na tsawon shekaru goma, su... Rabin ma'auratan yanzu suna gudanar da abin da ya zama alamar sake dawowar daji a Biritaniya. Gonar su ta zama wurin da ake samun rare nightingales, turtle doves, white storks, da purple emperor butterflies. Ya kasance wurin yawon buɗe ido mai shahara sosai wanda har yanzu yana samar da nama da kayan lambu masu kyauta, kuma yana ɗaukar mutane da yawa fiye da gonar al'ada. Mafi mahimmanci ga masu sauraro na yau, ta hanyar sake dawowar daji a kadarorinsa, Burrell ya mayar da kasuwanci mai asara zuwa mai riba sosai.
Da ƙarfafawa daga wannan canji, Burrell ya yi fatan faɗaɗa tsarin Knepp. Ya so ya nuna cewa za mu iya noman namun daji kuma mu sami riba daga gare ta. Ya yi imanin cewa ba za a iya magance matsalolin muhalli da gwamnatoci ko ƙoƙarin jama'a kaɗai ba. Maimakon haka, ya yi jayayya, muna buƙatar nuna wa kasuwannin kuɗi cewa maido da yanayi yana da kyau ga kasuwanci. Dole ne mu sanya yanayi ya zama mai riba, domin kawai ta hanyar jawo manyan jari daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu za mu iya juya mummunan raguwar sauran nau'ikan duniya.
Aikin Burrell a Lincolnshire shi ne babban ƙoƙarinsa na farko a wannan, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan misalai masu ban mamaki a ƙasar na juya tsarin kula da ƙasa na gargajiya. Barin noma a wani yanki da aka sani da gindin burodi na Biritaniya ya kusan zama abin tsokana. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin maido da yanayi a cikin wani yanki mara rai. Amma ainihin abin da Burrell ya yi shi ne. Don haka, a cikin shekaru huɗu da suka gabata, na bi abin da ya faru a ciki da kewayen Boothby Wildland, don ganin ko zai iya cika burin Burrell da haɗin kai na manufa da gaskiyar kasuwanci. A wannan lokacin, wasu amsoshi sun fara bayyana.
2022
Bakin cikin Boothby bai taɓa barina ba a wannan ranar farko. Na isa a makare kuma na rasa gabatarwa, don haka ya ɗauki ni sa'o'i da yawa don gane wanene. Wani ɗan arewa mai ido mai suna Jim, wanda ya yi kama da ɗan kasuwa mai dogaro da kai, ya zama William James Lowther, Earl na 9 na Lonsdale, wanda ke zaune a Lowther Castle kuma ya mallaki kadada 30,000 a Cumbria. Wani matashi mai salo ya wakilci taurarin pop da yawa da ke neman jari mai kyau.
Burrell ya kasance jagora mai abokantaka. Mai ƙarfin zuciya amma ba mai girman kai ba, ya bar baƙinsa su yi magana kuma ya saurara da girmamawa. Shirinsa na Boothby shine dakatar da noman filayenta a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa. Bayan shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai, zai kawo dabbobi masu cin ciyawa masu yawo. Waɗannan na iya zama shanu, doki, alade Tamworth, ko ma bison. Dabbobi masu cin ciyawa suna da mahimmanci ga ayyukan sake dawowar daji, in ji shi, domin takinsu yana maido da rayuwar ƙasa kuma kiwo su yana hana ƙasar zama daji mai duhu, wanda ba shi da kyau ga tsirrai da kwari da yawa.
Burrell yana kan ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta muhalli, amma akwai tambayoyi masu wuya game da kuɗi. Kamfaninsa, Nattergal – Danish don nightingale – ya riga ya sami gidan yanar gizo mai kyau wanda ya ce manufarsa ita ce "ƙirƙirar jari mai mahimmanci a cikin maido da yanayin ƙasa da teku a duk duniya." Kamfanin yana goyon bayan Peter Davies na Lansdowne Capital, wani gidan jari a London; multimillionaire Ben Goldsmith, wanda ke gudanar da kamfanin jari na kore; da Jeremy Leggett, ɗan kasuwa na hasken rana. Kamfanin ya yi alkawarin samar da aƙalla 4.5% riba ga masu zuba jari. "Muna fatan faɗaɗa ra'ayin a duk Turai. Muna tunanin aikin dala biliyan," in ji Burrell a hankali. Ya ƙara da cewa masu ba da kuɗinsa yawanci mutane ne da ke saka ɗan ƙaramin ɓangaren dukiyarsu a cikin "wani abu mai kyau." "Suna jin lafiya saboda ƙasa ce, kuma idan ta yi kuskure, za su sayar da ƙasar su dawo da kuɗinsu."
Maimakon sayar da alkama don riba mai ƙanƙanta, tsarin kasuwanci na Boothby Wildland ya dogara ne akan sayar da raka'o'in Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG). Farawa daga 2024, gwamnati za ta buƙaci masu gina gidaje da ayyukan more rayuwa su ƙirƙiri 10% ƙarin yanayi fiye da yadda yake a wurin su kafin ci gaba. Idan masu ci gaba ba za su iya ƙara yanayi a wuraren gina su ba, za su iya siyan ƙididdiga waɗanda za su... Boothby kuma za ta sayar da ƙididdigar carbon don carbon da aka ajiye ta hanyar dakatar da noma da barin ciyayi da bishiyoyi su dawo. Kamar duk manoma, Burrell har yanzu yana fatan samun wasu tallafin gwamnati, amma a wannan karon tallafin zai kasance don kula da ƙasa mai dacewa da muhalli. Wannan ya haɗa da biyan kuɗi don ayyukan yanayi, kamar rage haɗarin ambaliya ta hanyar sarrafa ƙaramin kogin da ke bi ta gonar. A cikin dogon lokaci, hujjarsa ita ce dawowar yanayi zai ƙirƙiri kasuwancin yawon buɗe ido mai dorewa, kamar yadda ya faru a Knepp.
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Filayen alkama a Boothby Lodge Farm kafin sake dawowar daji. Hoton: Jonathan Perugia/Gaia Visual don Nattergal
"Me game da ƙasar da ke rasa daraja idan an sake dawowar daji?" in ji wani mai mallakar fili.
"Tsohon ra'ayin cewa darajar ƙasa ta dogara da abin da za ka iya nomawa a kai ya ɓace gaba ɗaya," in ji Burrell.
"Me ya sa ba za a ware kadada 50 don gina gidaje ba?" in ji wani.
"Ba sha'awa," in ji Burrell da ƙarfi.
"Don haka ba za ka yi amfani da kadarar ba kwata-kwata?"
"A'a."
"Me ya sa za ka yi haka?"
Burrell ya yi jayayya cewa darajar ƙasa ba ta da mahimmanci idan ka shirya kiyaye ta har abada.
"Babu wani abu da ake kira 'har abada'," in ji wani mai mallakar fili da ba'a.
Burrell ya jimre da shekaru ashirin na ƙiyayya daga sauran masu mallakar filaye game da Knepp. "Manufar ita ce dawo da yanayi ga wannan ƙasa," in ji shi. "Komai yana biye da hakan."
Wani darasi da ya koya, in ji shi, shine shigar da mutanen gida. Boothby ya yi kama da ƙasar da ba kowa, amma yana kewaye da ƙauyuka uku masu kyau: Boothby Pagnell, Ingoldsby, da Bitchfield. Burrell da shugaban babban jari na Nattergal, Ivan de Klee, sun yi taron zauren ƙauye da hikima kafin su sanar da siyan ga kafofin watsa labarai. Idan aka kwatanta da ruɗewar da ya yi wa aikin "rewilding" a 2000, nan da 2022 akwai sha'awar ra'ayin, wanda aka ƙarfafa a Biritaniya ta hanyar marubuta kamar George Monbiot da littafin Isabella Tree da shirin Wilding, wanda ya ba da labarin canjin Knepp.
"Kowa ya ce, 'Kada ka ce rewilding. Mutane a Lincolnshire sun ƙi shi.' Amma ina kiransa rewilding," in ji de Klee, wani matashi mai tsayi wanda ya raba ikon Burrell na kwantar da hankali lokacin da aka kalubalanci shi. De Klee ya halarci taron zauren ƙauye na farko tare da Burrell. "A cikin rabin sa'a na farko, akwai mutane biyu masu ƙarfi, masu fushi da ke magana game da rasa samar da abinci," in ji shi. "Sai wani daga cikin al'ummar manoma ya tashi ya ce, 'Ba za mu duka mu sake dawowar daji ba, amma noma zai canza kuma muna buƙatar sababbin abubuwa,' kuma rabin ɗakin ya yi tafi da hannu a hankali. Ya zama fiye da tattaunawa."
Ya ji kamar akwai ɗan taurin kai a siyan Nattergal na Boothby. Ƙasar ta yi kama da ba ta da namun daji kwata-kwata, duk da haka yawancin mutanen gida suna da zurfin ƙauna ga noman da ya sa ta zama haka. Idan Nattergal zai iya sa rewilding ya yi aiki a nan, duka ta muhalli da kuɗi, zai iya yin aiki a ko'ina.
Bayan ƴan watanni, rumbunan suna ci gaba da girgiza lokacin da na shiga tafiyar kaka a kusa da Boothby wanda aka gayyaci mutanen gida. Kusan mutane talatin da suka yi ritaya suka fito, wani kyakkyawan fitowar ga yanki mara yawan jama'a. Wildland ya riga ya sami nasara ta farko ta hanyar cin nasarar zama ɗaya daga cikin Shirye-shiryen Maido da Ƙasa na farko 22 na gwamnati a Ingila, wani sabon tallafi don maido da yanayi a wuraren namun daji masu mahimmanci. Boothby kuma yana da ma'aikacin farko da ke zaune a gonar, Lizzie Lemon, mai kula da wuri da al'umma, wata mace mai abokantaka ta gida wadda ta taɓa yin aiki da RSPB. Lemon ta shafe mafi yawan lokacinta tana ƙoƙarin rage zargin cewa Nattergal wani shiri ne na gonar hasken rana. "Mutanen gida suna ganin waɗannan mutanen hedge fund suna shigowa kuma suna tunanin komai zai lalace, sannan za su rufe shi da hasken rana," in ji ta. Mutanen gida suna... Wasu mutane suna ganin filayen hasken rana a matsayin wani abu mara kyau na masana'antu a yankinsu. Bai taimaka ba cewa shugaban Nattergal na lokacin, Neil Perry, wanda ya shiga tafiyar, yana da asali a hasken rana. Perry ya ga kasuwar "natural capital" mai tasowa a matsayin mai kama da hasken rana. "Babu wanda ke sauraron roƙon zuba jari a hasken rana – sannan ba zato ba tsammani a 2008-09, kuɗi na yau da kullun ya shigo. Duk masana'antar da sauri ta koma China." Amma yanzu, in ji shi, Biritaniya za ta iya cin gajiyar damar gina masana'antar cikin gida a kusa da biodiversity da carbon credits.
"Babu gonakin hasken rana?" in ji wani baƙo.
"A'a, ba shakka," in ji Perry. "Ba mu yin haka a nan."
Guguwa ta shigo, muka fake a ƙarƙashin bishiya. Akwai ƙwai da yawa a ƙarƙashin itatuwan oak har yana jin kamar tafiya a kan marmara. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwai za su zama bishiyoyin farko da suka sake girma a daji. Yayin da muke jiran guguwar ta wuce, masu tafiya sun yi tambayoyi ga de Klee.
"Duk ciyawar ku za ta busa zuwa ƙauyenmu," in ji wata mace.
"Za a sami ɗan busar ciyawa," in ji de Klee, ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. "Muna da shinge na mita 50 tsakaninmu da maƙwabtanmu, kamar a Knepp. Wannan ba zai hana kowane iri ya busa ba, amma zai hana mafi yawansu. Muna da masu lambu da yawa a kusa da Knepp, kuma lambunansu duk suna da tsabta da kyau."
Mutanen gida sun rabu. Kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu suna da sha'awa sosai ("kamar cin nasarar lottery," in ji Clive da Sarah Carr; "Yarinyarmu tana da shekaru biyar. Samun shi a ƙofar gida kuma ta girma da shi – zai yi kyau sosai a gare ta," in ji Jo Elston-Moscrop). Kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu suna adawa sosai. ("Mutane suna tunanin cewa wauta ce," in ji ɗaya. "Akwai ra'ayoyi masu yawa na soyayya," in ji Jan Worts. "Yawancin matan uwa masu yara a ƙauyen suna tunanin za su yi tsalle a cikin furanni.")
Ga waɗannan masu shakka, Perry ya faɗi wata gaskiya daga rahoton Dimbleby, wata takarda mai tasiri ta gwamnati wadda ta tsara dabarun abinci na ƙasa a 2021: idan ka cire mafi ƙarancin amfanin gona 20% daga samarwa, darajar kalori na abincin da aka samar a Biritaniya za ta ragu da 3% kawai. Perry ya yi jayayya cewa gonakin hatsi kamar Boothby ba su samar da abinci kai tsaye don amfanin ɗan adam ba. Hatsin ana ciyar da shanu da kaji, yayin da wake ya ƙare a matsayin abincin kifi don salmon na Norway kuma ya dawo "zuwa teburinmu a cikin fakitin salmon na M&S. Idan asarar biodiversity ta ci gaba kuma duk masu yin pollination suka ɓace, za mu fuskanci babban rikicin abinci a duniya a cikin shekaru 10."
Kusan rabin mutanen gida sun yi kama da ba su yanke shawara ba. Wani mutum da na haɗu da shi, Paddy Turner, ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai shakka cikin ladabi... Ba na son ganin an cire shi daga ƙasar noma, amma a lokaci guda, ina ganin fa'idodin," in ji shi. "Mutane ba sa son canji – wannan ita ce matsalar."
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo: Filin Amanda Dixon a ƙauyen Ingoldsby yana iyaka da Boothby Wildlands. Hoton: Fabio De Paola/The Guardian
"Na manta da yawa game da wannan ƙasa fiye da yadda za su taɓa sani, a gaskiya," in ji Amanda Dixon, wata mace mai farin gashi mai ladabi. Dixon da tsohon mijinta sun taɓa mallakar kadada 1,000 na Boothby. Har yanzu tana zaune a gefen gonar, a cikin wani gidan da aka canza, tare da kadada 11 ciki har da filin tumaki da take ƙauna (waɗanda motsin rewilding ya ƙi). Sun yi noman ƙasar da kyau, in ji ta: sun ƙirƙira, sun haɓaka yawan amfanin gona, kuma sun yi abin da za su iya don yanayi. Sun shuka bishiyoyi 20,000 a cikin ƙananan dazuzzuka. A wasu filaye mafi kyau, za su iya noman ton huɗu na alkama a kowace kadada, "wanda shine babban burin noma a lokacin." Ta ji cewa ana "rage darajar" amfanin ƙasar ta sababbin masu mallaka. "Ina ganin ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don abinci domin za mu ci gaba da ciyar da kanmu."
Duk da haka, tana buɗe don shawo kanta. Shekaru talatin da suka wuce, nightingales suna raira waƙa daga shingen Boothby, amma sun ɓace tare da asarar shingen ciyawa. Dixon ta gaya wa Burrell cewa za ta gafarta masa asarar ƙasar noma, amma da sharadi ɗaya kawai: dole ne ya dawo da nightingales.
Ya kasance damina mai sanyi a 2023 lokacin da na dawo Boothby. Rumbunan suna ci gaba da girgiza cikin baƙin ciki a cikin iska. Kashi biyu bisa uku na filaye ba a samarwa; kadada 150 kawai za a shuka da alkama don shekarar amfanin gona ta ƙarshe a 2024. Masanin noma da wildland ya ɗauka don sarrafa amfanin gona na ƙarshe ya sami yawan ton 9.2 na alkama a kowace hekta (ton 3.7 a kowace kadada), ta amfani da 40% ƙasa da "inputs" – ma'ana taki – fiye da tsarin da ya gabata. "Ya zama cewa mun ƙware a noman wannan ƙasa," in ji Lorienne Whittle, sabuwar manajan wurin da ke zaune a Boothby.
Masu rewilding sun canza saƙonsu saboda mutanen gida sun fusata da hotunan kafofin watsa labarai (ciki har da nawa) waɗanda suka bayyana wannan a matsayin ƙasa mara yawan yanayi kuma ƙaramin ƙasar noma. "Dole ne mu yi hankali kada mu ce wannan ƙasa mara kyau ce. Wannan ƙasar noma ce mai juriya," in ji Whittle. Amma ta kuma lura cewa sun yi sa'a da yanayi a cikin yanayi biyu da suka gabata, kuma hatsin bai sami riba ba a yawancin shekaru na baya-bayan nan. (A 2024-25, manoman hatsi na Biritaniya sun yi asarar matsakaicin £27,400 a kan amfanin gonarsu; sun sami kuɗi ne kawai godiya ga tallafi da rarrabuwa – abubuwa kamar hasken rana, hayar rumbuna, da shagunan gona.)
Na sadu da sabon ma'aikacin Boothby, Lloyd Park, a ƙofar. Park ya kasance mai son kallon tsuntsaye mai sha'awa wanda ya yi aiki a kiyaye al'ada na shekaru 14 kafin ya koma rewilding. "Shekaru goma da suka wuce, na fara tunanin kiyaye yanayi dole ne ya bi wata hanya ta daban," in ji shi. Ya yi imanin cewa wannan zai iya zama ita. Kiyaye yanayi yawanci yana nufin gano wani wuri na musamman tare da wasu nau'ikan, sannan sarrafa ƙasar don kiyaye su. Rewilding ba shi da wata manufa ta musamman; manufarsa ita ce barin tsarin yanayi ya bunƙasa kuma ya yi murna da yawa, ko wane irin namun daji ya bayyana.
Kamar yadda hakan ya yi kyau, Boothby kuma aiki ne mai amfani. Don samun kuɗi daga Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) da sauran tsare-tsare, dole ne ya nuna haɓakar biodiversity da yawa. Don haka Park da ƙungiyar Boothby Wildland sun shiga don hanzarta maido. Suna zubar da brash – rassan bishiyoyi matattu – a tsakiyar filaye don tsuntsaye su zauna a can, kuma najasar su za ta yada tsaban bishiyoyi. Za a cika gadon kogin, wanda zai sa rafi ya bazu a kan tsohon filin ambaliya, yana kawo ruwa da rai ga ƙaramin kwari. Ƙungiyar ta kuma haƙa sabbin tafkuna takwas, wani ɓangare na kuɗin Network Rail, wanda dole ne ya samar da ƙarin wuri don great-crested newts lokacin da aikinsu ya lalata tafkuna a wani wuri. Ayyukan PhD guda uku suna gudana a wurin, ciki har da ɗaya da ke nazarin yadda rewilding ke haɓaka kwari da rayuwar ruwa.
Manufar Boothby Wildland kuma tana nufin dawo da mutane zuwa ƙasar; kuɗin yawon buɗe ido na gaba zai dogara da hakan. Lizzie Lemon ta kasance mai aiki: mutane 150 sun zo rawa da ranar buɗe ido a rana mafi zafi na bazara, kuma mutane 30 na gida sun sami kyautar tafiya zuwa Knepp (tare da kwafin littafin Tree). Na isa don kallon sabbin tarurrukan da aka tattara ra'ayoyin mutanen gida. A ƙarƙashin "ƙarfi," mutanen gida sun jera: dawo da yara zuwa yanayi, hanyoyi da damar nakasassu, da "beavers don Allah!" "Rashin ƙarfi" jerin ne mai tsawo: hanyoyin ƙafa suna buƙatar sarrafawa, hanyoyin ƙafa an yanka su da latti, ciyawa, greenwashing, alamar ƙofar ta yi ƙanƙanta, "me game da samar da abinci?" da "yana kama da rikici."
Duba hoto a cikin cikakken allo
Lizzie Lemon tana sake dawowar daji a Boothby. Hoton: Jonathan Perugia/Gaia Visual don Nattergal
Shin ya yi kama da rikici? Na yi yawon shakatawa tare da Whittle a cikin wani sabon abin hawa mai kujeru huɗu mai sheki da aka shigo da shi daga China. Boothby ya nuna wani gefe daban daga yankunan ƙasa na Biritaniya. Yawancin filaye suna cike da ciyawa waɗanda manoma suka ƙi: dogayen rosebay willowherb tare da furanni masu haske purple-pink, ragwort mai rawaya, dock, kuma mafi yawa, thistle. Ga masu suka, waɗannan ciyawa ne masu tayar da hankali. Ciyawa da ke lalata wuraren kiwo (kuma ragwort na iya zama guba ga dawakai). Whittle ta tuna yadda manomin kwangila na Boothby ya ce, "Ba zan ɗauki combine dina daga ƙasar ku ba tare da wanke shi sosai ba," kamar dai wurin rewilding yana cike da ciyawa masu yaduwa.
Brash ɗin da aka zubar ya ba shi kama da wanda aka watsar, amma idan ka duba da kyau, za ka iya ganin alamun rai. Wani maze na hanyoyin voles an zana shi a cikin dogayen ciyawa. Wani stoat ya gudu zuwa filin a gabanmu, kuma akwai ƙaramin garken starlings a sama, tare da kestrel, buzzard, da red kites biyu. Tuni, akwai abinci da yawa ga duk waɗannan dabbobi.
A al'ada, wani yanki ana shuka bishiyoyi a ƙarƙashin wani shiri inda gwamnati ke ba da tallafi mai karimci don sabbin dazuzzuka na asali, kuma wani fili ana sarrafa shi azaman filin ciyawa. Sun yada koren ciyawa a 2022, kuma ya riga ya cika da yellow rattle – furen da ke ciyar da ciyawa, yana ba da damar ƙarin bambancin furanni. "Wannan ita ce filin ciyawa na Lincolnshire steppe," in ji Whittle da alfahari. Lokacin da muka tsaya, swallows sun yi ta yawo a kusa da abin hawanmu. "Wannan yana da kyau," in ji Whittle. "Muna da lokacin namun daji a zahiri! Yana da wuya a wurin Boothby."
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