Yayin da mutane ke taruwa a Amatrice ranar Litinin domin gudanar da taron cika shekaru 10 da girgizar kasa da ta lalata garin da ke kan tudu da kuma al'ummomin da ke kusa da shi, wanda ya kashe mutane 303 tare da barin dubban mutane marasa gida, 'yan siyasa da manyan mutane za su nuna girmamawarsu. Amma ga mutane da yawa, kalamansu ba za su kawo ta'aziyya ba: shekaru goma kenan, yawancin Amatrice—wanda aka lalata tsakiyar tarihinsa da girgizar kasa mai karfin 6.0—har yanzu ana sake ginawa, kuma fiye da rabin mazaunanta kusan 2,100 na ci gaba da zama a gidajen wucin gadi.
"Za su yi nuni mai kyau, su sunkuyar da kawunansu su ce, 'Mun yi da yawa,'" in ji Sonia Santarelli, shugabar Comitato Civico 3e36, kungiyar jama'a da aka kafa bayan bala'in. "Amma babu wanda zai fito da gaskiya. Za su ce sake ginawa yana tafiya da kyau… amma ta yaya hakan zai kasance yayin da mutane da yawa ke zaune a gidajen da ba su dace da zama ba?"
Wani rahoto da ActionAid Italy ta fitar a makon jiya ya nuna jinkiri mai tsanani a sake gina Amatrice da sauran yankunan da girgizar kasa ta lalata. Bisa ga binciken, tun daga Afrilu 2026, ginin kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ayyukan jama'a da aka tsara bai fara ba, wanda ya haura zuwa bakwai cikin goma a yankunan da abin ya fi shafa. An kebe kusan €4.85bn (£4.15bn) domin aikin, in ji rahoton.
Girgizar kasa ta afku a farkon sa'o'in 24 ga Agusta 2016, inda aka ji girgizar har zuwa Roma. Santarelli, wacce ke da agriturismo (masaukin gona) a ƙauyen Torrita kusa da Amatrice, ta tuna an tashe ta da wata babbar kara da kuma karar rugujewar gine-gine. Kusan babu abin da ya rage na ƙauyen, in ji ta, amma an yi sa'a babu wanda ya mutu a can.
Santarelli tana daukar kanta mai sa'a cewa ita ma ba ta zama marasa gida ba. Comitato Civico 3e36—wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan ainihin lokacin da girgizar ta afku, 3:36 na safe—an kafa shi ne domin kare al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da kuma tabbatar da cewa 'yan ƙasa suna da murya a tsarin sake ginawa.
An kafa ƙauyukan gidajen wucin gadi a wurare 41 a yankunan da abin ya shafa. Gidajen katako suna da ƙunci kuma suna da zafi musamman a lokacin zafi. "Zafi da danshi suna murkushe ka," in ji Santarelli. Ƙari ga haka, in ji ta, wurare ne marasa mutunci na mutuwa, domin ƙarancin sarari yana sa da wuya a motsa akwatunan gawa. Mazauna sun kuma koka da cewa dakunan sun yi ƙanƙanta da ba za su iya gudanar da taron jana'izar gargajiya ba.
Wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka rasa gidajensu har yanzu suna biyan bashin gidajen da ba su wanzu ba. "Ba za ka iya sa mutane su zauna a waɗannan yanayi na tsawon lokaci haka ba," in ji Santarelli. "Har yanzu akwai aiki mai yawa da za a yi."
Ayyukan da aka kammala a Amatrice sun haɗa da makaranta da wasu gine-gine a tsakiyar tarihi. Gina sabon asibiti ya kusa ƙarewa kuma yana iya buɗewa a 2027, idan an samar da shi cikakke da ma'aikata.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na jinkirin sake ginawa. Matteo Renzi, wanda yake firaminista a lokacin girgizar, ya yi alkawarin sake gina garuruwan kamar yadda suke. Renzi ya yi murabus a ƙarshen 2016 bayan ya sha kaye a zaben raba gardama, kuma tun daga nan Italiya ta sami gwamnatoci daban-daban guda biyar, kowacce ta nada kwamishinoni don kula da sake ginawa.
Kamar yadda yake a manyan girgizar kasa da suka gabata, kamar wadda ta afku a L'Aquila a 2009, sake ginawa ya kasance yana cikin tsaiko saboda tsarin mulki, rigingimun shari'a, da kuma sarkakiyar sake gina tsakiyar tarihi a yankunan tsaunuka.
Yawancin matsin lamba ya rataya a kan magajin gari. Giorgio Cortellesi, wanda aka zaba a 2021, ya ce ƙoƙarin sake ginawa ya sami cikas daga cutar Covid sannan kuma daga tsarin gyaran muhalli na gwamnati. Wannan tsarin ya kamata ya farfado da tattalin arzikin bayan cutar amma a maimakon haka ya ƙara hauhawar farashin kayan gini kuma ya ja hankalin ma'aikatan gini zuwa ayyukan da suka fi riba. Ayyuka masu riba suna wanzu a sauran sassan Italiya.
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Duba hoto cikakke
Magajin garin Amatrice, Giorgio Cortellesi, ya nuna daya daga cikin gine-ginen da aka lalata kusan shekaru 10 bayan bala'in. Hoton: Crispian Balmer/Reuters
Cortellesi, injiniya wanda ya ƙudura don taimakawa sake gina Amatrice bayan da ya sami 'ya'yansa maza biyu da rai a cikin wani bincike mai tsanani a cikin tarkace a cikin duhu, ya ce sake ginawa ya yi sauri a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.
Duk da haka, ya yarda cewa "akwai matsalar gidaje mai tsanani," wadda ta fi muni saboda kamfanonin gini suna ba da gidaje ga ma'aikatansu, wanda hakan ke ƙara hauhawar haya ga mazauna yankin. Ya ce majalisa tana aiki don dawo da wasu daga cikin waɗannan kadarorin.
Amma game da ƙauyukan wucin gadi, waɗanda ke gab da ƙarewar garanti na shekaru 10, za a buƙaci a rushe su kuma a mayar da mazaunansu zuwa gidajensu da aka sake gina. "Za su koma gidajensu, waɗanda za su kasance mafi aminci a Italiya kuma mafi ingancin makamashi," in ji Cortellesi, amma bai ba da lokacin da hakan zai faru ba.
Duba hoto cikakke
Waɗanda ke zaune a gidajen wucin gadi na Amatrice sun ce ba su dace da amfani na dogon lokaci ba. Hoton: © ActionAid
Yawan jama'ar Amatrice ya ragu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, inda mutane da yawa suka ƙaura zuwa wasu wurare domin neman dama mafi kyau. Amma akwai kuma juriya a tsakanin waɗanda suka zauna.
Sergio Pirozzi, wanda yake magajin gari a lokacin bala'in, yana daya daga cikinsu. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan girgizar kasa, ya kwatanta barnar a cikin 'yan kalmomi: "Rabin garin ya ɓace."
Kocin ƙwallon ƙafa, Pirozzi ya kasance a wani abincin dare na bikin cika shekaru 50 na ƙungiyar gida sa'o'i kaɗan kafin. "Daga cikin waɗanda nake tare da su a wannan dare, 36 sun mutu kuma akwai wasu da suka rasa matansu da 'ya'yansu. Ba abu ne da zan taɓa mantawa ba," in ji shi.
Amma duk da haka, duk da cewa dole ya sha jinkiri da takaicin sake ginawa, ƙaunar Pirozzi ga Amatrice ba ta ragu ba: "A gare ni, har yau, wannan shine mafi kyawun wuri a duniya."
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawaita
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawaita dangane da yanayin mazauna da ke nuna takaici game da jinkirin sake ginawa bayan girgizar kasa ta Italiya ta 2016
Tambayoyi na Gabaɗaya
1 Wace girgizar kasa kuke magana akai
Muna magana ne game da jerin manyan girgizar kasa da suka afku a tsakiyar Italiya a watan Agusta da Oktoba 2016 Mafi muni sun afku a Accumoli Amatrice Norcia da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye suna kashe daruruwan mutane tare da lalata garuruwa gaba ɗaya
2 Me yasa sake ginawa ke ɗaukar lokaci haka
Haɗin abubuwa ne yankin yana cike da tsoffin gine-gine masu rauni waɗanda ke da wuya a maido da su akwai ƙa'idodin tsarin mulki masu sarkakiya don samun izini kuma an sami matsaloli game da kuɗi da jinkirin siyasa Har ila yau wasu garuruwa suna cikin yankunan da ke da haɗarin zaftarewar ƙasa wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin aikin tsaro
3 Ina mazauna ke zaune yanzu
Mazauna da yawa suna zaune a gidajen wucin gadi na SAE waɗanda gidajen katako ne da aka riga aka gina Wasu suna zaune a gidajen haya tare da dangi ko a otal-otal a bakin teku
4 Shin mutane da gaske suna komawa gidajensu na asali
Kaɗan ne suka koma gidajensu na asali Tun daga shekaru kaɗan bayan girgizar yawan mutanen da suka dawo na dindindin ya yi ƙasa sosai Mutane da yawa sun fara sabbin rayuwa a wani wuri kuma jinkirin yana sa da wuya a shirya komawa
5 Shin jinkirin kuɗi ne kawai
A'a kuɗi wani ɓangare ne kawai na matsalar Ko da akwai kuɗi tsarin yana jinkiri saboda tsauraran binciken hana cin hanci da rashawa buƙatar kiyaye gine-ginen tarihi da ƙarancin ƙwararrun ma'aikatan gini na gida
Takaici da Tasiri
6 Me yasa mazauna ke nuna takaici musamman
Suna takaici ne domin suna jin an manta da su Suna biyan haraji amma garuruwansu har yanzu garuruwan fatalwa ne Sun gaji da zama a cikin kwantena na wucin gadi shekaru da yawa kuma suna ganin rashin gaggawa daga gwamnati Yana jin kamar alkawarin da aka karya na sake ginawa mafi kyau da sauri
7 Menene babbar matsalar yau da kullum ga mazauna
Rashin al'umma Lokacin da kake zaune a warwatse a cikin gidajen wucin gadi daban-daban ko birane ka rasa mashaya na gida cocin dandali da makwabta Tsarin zamantakewar garin ya ɓace ko da an sake gina tubalin
8 Ta yaya hakan ya shafi kasuwancin gida
Yawancin ƙananan kasuwanci sun kasance
