Kana iya karanta tarihin Ireland a cikin fadama. Suna riƙe da dubban shekaru a cikin yaduddukansu," in ji mai daukar hoto Shane Hynan game da aikinsa, Beofhód (wanda ke nufin "Ƙarƙashin" a Turanci).
Fadama, da ake kira portachs a Irish, sun rufe kusan hekta miliyan 1.2 zuwa 1.5—kusan kashi 14% zuwa 17% na jimillar filayen ƙasar. Fadama masu tasowa a Tsakiyar Irish an yi su ne da peat da ke samuwa a milimita 1 kawai a kowace shekara a cikin kwanduna marasa zurfi, marasa magudanar ruwa ko tsoffin tafkuna. Kamar yadda masanin tarihin ƙasa Kevin Whelan ya lura a cikin Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape, "an zana fadama a cikin tarihin ɗan adam kamar yadda aka yi a cikin tarihin zahiri a Ireland—fiye da kowane wuri."
Hynan ya fara sha'awar su ne bayan ya daɗe yana zaune a ƙasar waje. "Na zama daga mai ciki zuwa baƙo. Lokacin da na dawo gida, na lura da yadda fadama suka canza. Ta hanya mai kyau, na ga mazauna suna yanke turf kaɗan. Ta hanya mara kyau, na ga babu kuɗi a cikin aikin kuma."
Tsawon tsararraki, turf daga fadama ana bushewa kuma ana yanka shi a cikin tubalan, yana samar da babban mai ga gidajen karkara. Gidajen da ke amfani da turf na iya kashewa har zuwa €800 a shekara don dumama—ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na jimillar kuɗin makamashi na gidan Irish a shekara. "Yana da arha sosai, arha. Suna iya sarrafa ingancinsa da yawansa; ba za ka iya yin hakan da wani abu ba," in ji Hynan.
Amma fadama suna fuskantar barazana daga wasu hanyoyi kuma. Ireland tana riƙe da kashi 8% na fadama na bargo a duniya—waɗanda aka yi daga ragowar ciyawa da sedges, waɗanda ake samu a yankunan tsaunuka na gabar teku ta yamma—duk da haka bayanai daga Babban Ofishin Kididdiga na Ireland sun nuna cewa fiye da kashi 80% na asalin peatland ya ɓace saboda hako, gandun daji, noman lambu, ko noma.
"Ina tsammanin a cikin shekaru 20… da yawa za su ɓace," in ji Hynan. "Yana da iyaka."
Matsalar, bayan tasirin da ke kan yanayin ƙasa, ita ce cewa fadama na peat suna ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wuraren ajiyar carbon a duniya. Wani bincike na FarmPEAT ya gano cewa fadama mai lafiya na Irish na iya adana carbon har sau 13 fiye da kowace hekta fiye da dajin Amazon, saboda ana adana carbon a ƙarƙashin ƙasa maimakon a cikin tsire-tsire masu ɗan gajeren rayuwa.
To me ya kamata a yi? "Waɗannan fadama ba a warware su ba, kamar aikina," in ji Hynan. "Ba na ƙoƙarin warware komai ba… Wani ji ne da ke haɗa ni da su. Lokacin da muryoyin mutane suka fara ƙara ƙarfi a kaina, na fara ganin gibi da yawa tsakanin ra'ayoyin abin da ya kamata mu yi, abin da ke faruwa da gaske, da yadda ake zagin mutane. Yanayi ne mai rikitarwa sosai a nan Ireland."
Ya ƙi ra'ayin cewa hotunansa suna gaya wa mutane abin da za su yi ko kuma suna hukunta su: "Ba na yin wa'azi ina gaya muku ku daina ba. Ina nan don tambayar dangantakarku da muhalli."
"Akwai rashin tabbas game da makomar fadama—yadda muke mu'amala da su, yadda muke ganinsu, da yadda muke amfani da su."
Shane Hynan's Beneath | Beofhód yana nunawa a Gidan Tarihi na Hoto na Ireland har zuwa 5 ga Yuli 2026.
Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa
Ga jerin tambayoyin da aka yi yawa game da rubuta fadama na Ireland da ke ɓacewa da aka rubuta cikin yanayi na halitta tare da amsoshi bayyanannu
Tambayoyin Matakin Farko
1 Menene ainihin fadama
Fadama wani nau'in dausayi ne da ke gina kansa sama da dubban shekaru daga matattun tsire-tsire musamman gansakuka Saboda ƙasa tana cike da ruwa kuma ba ta da iskar oxygen, tsire-tsire ba sa ruɓe gaba ɗaya Wannan yana haifar da wani kauri mai laushi na peat
2 Me yasa fadama na Ireland ke ɓacewa
Babban dalili shi ne cewa mutane sun daɗe suna yanke peat don amfani da shi a matsayin mai don dumama gidaje A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, girbi na injina mai girma don takin lambu da samar da wutar lantarki ya kuma zubar da lalata manyan wurare
3 Menene ma'anar dubban shekaru a cikin yaduddukansu
Kowane yanki na peat yana kama da shafi a littafin tarihi Ta hanyar nazarin pollen, tsaba, har ma da tsoffin kwari da ke cikin kowane yanki, masana kimiyya na iya gano yanayin yanayi, irin tsire-tsire da suka tsiro, har ma da yadda mutanen farko suka rayu, tun daga shekaru 10,000 da suka wuce
4 Me yasa zan damu da fadama Suna dausayi marasa amfani ne kawai
Suna iya zama kamar marasa amfani amma suna da mahimmanci sosai Suna adana carbon mai yawa, suna gida ga tsire-tsire da dabbobi masu wuya, suna adana tsoffin kayan tarihi da kyau, kuma suna riƙe da tarihinmu na musamman
5 Menene rubuta fadama ya ƙunshi a zahiri
Masana kimiyya da masu daukar hoto suna aiki da sauri don rubuta abin da ya rage Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar samfuran peat, daukar hoton yanayin ƙasa da tsire-tsire na musamman, da kuma tattara da adana duk wani tsohon abu ko ragowar ɗan adam da aka samu kafin a lalata su ta hanyar yanke peat
Tambayoyi Masu Zurfi
6 Ta yaya ainihin fadama ke aiki a matsayin wurin ajiyar carbon
Gansakuka na fadama yana ɗaukar carbon dioxide daga iska yayin da yake girma Saboda mataccen gansakuka ba ya ruɓe a cikin fadama, wannan carbon yana kasancewa a cikin peat Fadama mai lafiya yana adana carbon fiye da dajin ruwan sama Lokacin da ka zubar da ruwa ko yanke fadama, wannan carbon yana sake fitowa cikin yanayi a matsayin CO2
7 Wane irin tsoffin kayan tarihi aka samu a fadama na Ireland
Shahararrun su ne gawarwakin fadama—ragowar ɗan adam da aka adana da kyau har fata, gashi, har da abin da ke cikin ciki suna rayuwa Masana ilimin kayan tarihi sun kuma sami man shanu
