A cikin watan Afrilun da ya gabata, ɗalibai da dama sun tashi daga Serbia a kan kekuna, da niyyar isa Strasbourg, Faransa. Manufar wannan tafiya mai wahala ta kwanaki 13 a fadin nahiyar ta kasance mai sauƙi: don a ji muryoyinsu a Turai da kuma bayanta.
A garinsu na Novi Sad, ɗalibai sun kasance suna gudanar da zanga-zanga kusan kowace rana bayan rugujewar rufin da ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwa a babban tashar jirgin ƙasa na birnin. Yayin da buƙatarsu ta neman lissafi da adalci ta bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar, sun fuskanci 'yan sanda da ke ɗauke da sanduna, hayaki mai sa hawaye, da kuma ajin siyasa da ya lakafta waɗannan matasa a matsayin mayaudara.
Tafiyarsu zuwa Strasbourg an yi niyya ne don nuna ƙara tabarbarewar ƙimar dimokuradiyya a ƙasarsu ta haihuwa. "Serbia na buƙatar goyon bayan Turai," in ji ɗaliban a cikin wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa zuwa ga Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron lokacin da suka isa Strasbourg suka sadu da 'yan majalisar Turai da jami'ai. "Ba mu hawa zuwa Turai don guduwa daga Serbia ba. Muna hawa ne don dawo da ita."
A ranar Lahadi, ƙungiyarsu ta shiga kanun labarai a duk faɗin duniya yayin da ɗalibai suka tashi daga titunan Serbia zuwa manyan dakunan mulki. A wata ƙuri'a da ta sami mafi yawan fitowar masu jefa ƙuri'a tun lokacin da Yugoslavia ta wargaje a 1992, sama da kashi 50% na masu jefa ƙuri'a sun goyi bayan ɗalibai don korar shugaban da ke ƙara nuna kama-karya Aleksandar Vučić da kawo ƙarshen shekaru 14 da jam'iyyarsa ke kan mulki.
Ya kasance, kamar yadda wata edita ta Guardian ta lura, "ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki sakamakon zaɓe a tarihin Turai na kwanan nan."
Nasarar da ɗalibai suka samu ta zo ne yayin da Turai ke girgiza saboda makonni na zanga-zanga. Daga Porto zuwa Paris da Madrid zuwa Milan, manazarta sun yi nuni ga wata maɗauri ɗaya da ke gudana cikin zanga-zangar daban-daban: imani cewa yarjejeniyar zamantakewa ta rushe, wanda ya bar ƙarnuka matasa suna fuskantar makoma da za su fi iyayensu muni.
Sakamakon zaɓe a Serbia ya bayyana ƙarfin waɗannan zanga-zangar wajen sake fasalin siyasa, in ji mai bincike bayan digiri Aleksandar Matković a wannan makon. Shin zai iya zama, kamar yadda wanda ya kafa WikiLeaks Julian Assange ya taɓa gaya wa wani mai yin hira a Belgrade, cewa Serbia ita ce "ƙasar da gaba ke faruwa da farko"?
Matković ya dogara da shigarsa cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai don bayar da wata taga ta musamman cikin duk abin da ya shiga cikin nasararsu, inda ya ambaci tattaunawa da suka ɗauki tsawon sa'o'i shida yayin da ɗalibai ke shimfiɗa hanyar shiga siyasa. "Duniya ya kamata ta riƙa kallo da kyau: tana iya kasancewa tana ganin farkon wani nau'in siyasa daban," in ji shi.
Nasararsu ta haifar da farin ciki a duk faɗin Serbia, inda ta tura dubun-dubatar masu murna zuwa tituna a duk faɗin ƙasar. "Abu ne mai matuƙar ban mamaki cewa a kan titunan da 'yan sanda suka yi mana duka, a kan titunan da muka ja da baya sau da yawa a gaban jandarmar, yanzu muna tsaye a nan a matsayin masu nasara," in ji Sara, 'yar shekara 24, ga Guardian.
Sa'o'i bayan haka, magoya bayan ƙungiyar sun sake bayyana, a wannan karon don tsaftace bayan wani dare na bukukuwan murna.
Me zai faru yanzu?
Lokacin da bukukuwan suka ƙare, tambayar gwamnati ta fara. Hoto: Aleksandar Jovicic/NurPhoto/Shutterstock
Ƙungiyar yanzu tana fuskantar wani babban aiki – musamman ganin cewa ba ta da wani matsayi ko shugaba. Fiye da shekaru goma, jam'iyyar Vučić ta canza tsarin ƙasar, ta ƙarfafa riƙonta kan kafofin watsa labarai, ta cika cibiyoyi da masu biyayya ga jam'iyya, kuma ta yi amfani da ma'aikatu da cibiyoyin Serbia a matsayin kayan aikin siyasa.
Ƙungiyar ta lashe kujeru 140 daga cikin 250 a majalisar dokoki, wanda ya ba da rinjaye mai daɗi ga jerin 'yan takara tun daga malamai zuwa 'yan wasa, waɗanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar taron ɗalibai a shirye-shiryen zaɓe. Kamar yadda wani ɗan takara ya gaya wa abokan aikina a ranar Litinin, babban fifiko shi ne "tsarkakewar zamantakewa da tunani" na ƙasar.
A ƙasan ƙungiyar akwai wani shiri mai maki 11, wanda ya haɗa da kawar da cin hanci da rashawa daga ƙasar, sake fasalin shari'a da kafofin watsa labarai, da inganta samun damar kiwon lafiya. "Ba mu yin alkawari ko tsammanin mu'ujizai na dare ɗaya daga wannan nasara," in ji wani memba na ƙungiyar a cikin Guardian a wannan makon. "Maimakon haka, muna fatan wani abu mai tushe mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ga Serbia: cibiyoyi na yau da kullum, masu aiki." Kuma yayin da shirye-shiryensu na mulki ke samun tsari, tasirin gwajinsu na ƙarfin zuciya tabbas za a ji shi nesa da Serbia. Ƙasar ta nemi shiga Tarayyar Turai a 2009, amma tsarin ya tsaya cak a shekarun baya-bayan nan. Yanzu, kamar a Hungary maƙwabciyarta, zaɓukan sun buɗe yiwuwar sabon farawa, tare da bege ga farfaɗowar dimokuradiyya a tsakiyar Turai. Yayin da jami'an EU suka aika da gaisuwa a wannan makon ga ɗaliban, waɗanda tsarin manufofinsu ya yi alkawarin gabatar da tambayar zama memba na EU nan gaba ga raba gardama, saƙonninsu na ɗauke da alamar fata. "Muna shirye mu goyi bayan sake fasalin doka, 'yancin kafofin watsa labarai, yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma ƙarfafan cibiyoyin dimokuradiyya, da yin aiki tare don ciyar da makomar Serbia a cikin Tarayyar Turai," in ji shugabar Hukumar Turai, Ursula von der Leyen, a kan kafofin sada zumunta. Marta Kos, kwamishiniyar faɗaɗa EU, ta fi kai tsaye. "Wani sabon babi zai iya farawa ga Serbia. Ƙofar EU a buɗe take, kuma muna shirye mu ci gaba tare," in ji ta a kan kafofin sada zumunta. Ya kasance wani juyi mai ban mamaki ga ɗaliban, waɗanda a bara suka ji cewa dole ne su yi keke fiye da kilomita 1,300 (mil 780) don a ji muryoyinsu. Yanzu – bayan kusan shekaru biyu na zanga-zangar da aka fuskanci tsare-tsare bisa shaidar ƙarya, sa ido ba bisa ka'ida ba, barazana da asarar ayyuka – da alama suna iya samun damar cika burinsu na kawo Turai ga Serbia. Don karɓar cikakken sigar This Is Europe a cikin akwatin saƙon ku kowace Laraba, don Allah yi rajista a nan.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi game da ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya ta tushe a Serbia
1 Me ke faruwa a Serbia a yanzu
Serbia ta ga watanni na manyan zanga-zanga da tarukan gida waɗanda galibi wani abin baƙin ciki ya haifar kuma fushin jama'a kan cin hanci da rashawa da lissafin gwamnati ya ƙarfafa su Daga waɗannan zanga-zangar 'yan ƙasa suna gina sabbin hanyoyin shiga dimokuradiyya kai tsaye kuma sauran Turai suna kallo
2 Me ake nufi da sabon nau'in dimokuradiyya a nan
Yana nufin 'yan ƙasa suna ɗaukar rawar da ta fi ƙarfi kai tsaye a cikin yanke shawara ta hanyar tarukan gida ƙungiyoyin unguwanni ayyukan kai tsaye da taimakon juna maimakon dogaro kawai da zaɓe da cibiyoyin gargajiya
3 Shin wannan jam'iyya ce ta siyasa ta hukuma ko ƙungiya ce
Galibi a'a Yana da rarrabuwa sosai kuma na tushe wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin 'yan ƙasa na yau da kullum ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai shirye-shiryen gida da talakawa maimakon jam'iyya ɗaya mai shugaba
4 Me ya haifar da waɗannan zanga-zangar
Abin da ya haifar da ita kai tsaye shi ne fushin jama'a kan rugujewar kayan more rayuwa da ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwa wanda da yawa suka gani a matsayin alamar cin hanci da rashawa da sakaci Wannan fushin ya girma ya zama buƙatu mai faɗi na lissafi da sauyi na tsari
5 Menene manyan buƙatu
Buƙatun gama gari sun haɗa da lissafin gwamnati bayyana gaskiya hukunta cin hanci da rashawa da ƙarin ra'ayin 'yan ƙasa a cikin shawarwarin da suka shafe su
6 Wadanne siffofi ne wannan sabuwar dimokuradiyya ke ɗauka a aikace
Misalai sun haɗa da tarukan unguwanni da ƙauyuka plenums shirye-shiryen da ɗalibai ke jagoranta cibiyoyin taimakon juna da tallafi kai tsaye ga ma'aikatan da ke yajin aiki da al'ummomin gida
7 Menene plenum
Plenum taro ne mai buɗe ido a kwance inda kowa zai iya shiga yin magana da jefa ƙuri'a kan shawarwari babu wani matsayi na hukuma Hanya ce da 'yan ƙasa ke tattaunawa da yanke shawara tare kai tsaye
8 Ta yaya wannan ya bambanta da dimokuradiyyar wakilai ta yau da kullum
A cikin dimokuradiyyar wakilai 'yan ƙasa suna zaɓar jami'ai waɗanda ke yanke musu shawara Wannan tsari yana jaddada shiga kai tsaye mutane suna tattaunawa da yanke shawara kan al'amura da kansu musamman a matakin gida
9 Me ya sa Turai ke kallo
Serbia 'yar takara ce ga zama memba na EU kuma ƙungiyar ta shafi al'amuran da Turai ke damuwa da su doka cin hanci da rashawa da lafiyar dimokuradiyya Hakanan ana ganinta a matsayin gwajin sabbin nau'ikan siyasar 'yan ƙasa a fadin nahiyar
10 Menene amfanin wannan hanya
Yana ba 'yan ƙasa ainihin murya tsakanin zaɓe yana gina amincewar al'umma da haɗin kai yana ƙara bayyana gaskiya kuma yana iya amsa da sauri ga matsalolin gida Yana
Wani sabon nau'in dimokuradiyya yana samun gindin zama a Serbia, kuma Turai tana kallo da kyau.
