A watan Fabrairu, Magajin Garin London, Sadiq Khan, ya sanar cewa titin Oxford—wadda ita ce hanya mafi shahara a Biritaniya—za a mayar da ita ta masu tafiya a ƙasa kawai. Abin mamaki ga kowane ɗan London da na yi magana da shi a cikin 'yan watannin nan, hakan yana faruwa ne da gaske. A ranar Litinin 26 ga Oktoba, titin kasuwanci mafi cunkoso a Turai—ko kuma, a zahiri, rabin nisan mil 1.2 ɗinsa—za a rufe wa motoci, wanda zai kawo ƙarshen shekaru da yawa na gardama mai ɗaci, cikas da jinkiri. Motoci, manyan motoci, ƙananan motoci, tasi, bas, kekuna, kekunan lantarki da babura za a hana su duka. Masu tafiya a ƙasa kawai (da motocin gaggawa) za a bar su.
Wannan canji zai nuna mafi girman sauyi a yanayin titunan tsakiyar London tun aƙalla 2003, lokacin da aka mayar da Dandalin Trafalgar daga wani wurin zagaye da aka ɗaukaka zuwa ɗaya daga cikin wuraren jama'a da aka fi sani a London. Hakanan zai kasance mafi bayyane ɓangare na gadon magajin garin, ko Khan zai sake tsayawa takara a karo na huɗu a 2028 ko a'a. Shekaru uku da suka wuce, Khan ya wallafa wani littafin tarihin rayuwa da manufa, Breathe, inda ya danganta ciwon ƙurar sa da girma yana shakar iska mai gurbata muhalli ta London. Ga magajin garin, mayar da titin Oxford ta masu tafiya a ƙasa ita ce ƙarshen manufar ƙirƙirar birni mai kore wanda ya dogara kan lafiyar jama'a, tafiya a ƙasa da hawan keke.
Mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa abu ɗaya ne; mayar da titin Oxford wurin da kowa zai so ya kasance a ciki abu ne wani. Ga ƴan London da suka gaji da baƙi masu damuwa, ita babbar hanya ce da ke haifar da ciwon kai. Babban abin da ake danganta ta da shi shi ne taron jama'a, damuwa, ƙazanta, hayaniya, mafi munin nau'ikan jari-hujja na mabukaci, da aikata laifuka. A wani lokaci yayin bincikena, na je wurin wani ɗan sanda da ya shiga cikin taron jama'a a wajen tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Tottenham Court Road na tambaye shi ko yana ganin mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa zai yi wa titin Oxford alheri ko kuma zai ƙara wa aikinsa wahala. Duka biyun, in ji shi.
Wannan ba yana nufin titin Oxford babbar hanya ce marar kowa, mai mutuwa ba. A ƙidayar ƙarshe, tana karɓar fiye da baƙi 500,000 kowace rana—wanda ya yi daidai da yawan mutanen Edinburgh. Yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa yawancin baƙi miliyan 22 na ƙasashen waje da ke zuwa London kowace shekara suna taba ta a wani lokaci. Titin tana samar da kashi 5% na fitar da tattalin arzikin babban birnin kuma tana rayuwa a tunanin ƙasa kamar yadda ƴan kaɗan ke yi. "Lokacin da nake shekara 17, London tana nufin titin Oxford," in ji Everything But the Girl a cikin waƙarsu ta 1988 mai suna ɗaya: "Ƙaramar duniya ce." Amma duk da haka babu wanda ke son titin Oxford. Yayin da nake rubuta wannan labarin, ban sadu da kowa da zai ma yarda yana sonta ba.
A wata maraice ta Lahadi a watan Satumba, na yi wani abu da na kasance ina gujewa a hankali a baya kuma na yi keken ta gaba ɗaya. Ko da a ƙarshen ƙarshen mako, abin ya kasance mai tsanani—tare da matasa suna tafiya da sauri a kan kekunan lantarki da aka yi hayar da kekunan motsa jiki masu ƙawa da aka ajiye a tsakiyar titin, suna busa kiɗa. Titunan sun cika da mutane, wani ɓangare saboda hanya tana cike da cunkoson ababen hawa. A wani lokaci kuma, na ga wata mace da ta tsufa tana zaune a waje da Ikea a kan wani ƙaramin akwatin wutar lantarki baƙi, ba tare da wani wurin hutawa ba. Ga yawancin ƴan London, titin Oxford mugun abu ne da dole, wanda za a ziyarta da madaidaicin tsari kafin a gudu daga wurin: wurin aikata laifuka, ƙazanta da wataƙila wasu sayayya na Kirsimeti. "Wanene," in ji mai sukar gine-gine na FT a 2020, "zai daɗe fiye da yadda ya kamata a cikin mafi munin hanyar London?"
Ƙazantar da kanta ba wasa ba ce. A cikin shekarun 1990, lokacin da titin Oxford ta shahara da manyan shagunan faifan kiɗa kamar HMV da Virgin Megastore, na tuna dawowa gidana a kudancin London a cikin jirgin ƙasa, ina busa hanci na kuma ganin kyalle cike da majina baƙar fata. Ƙunƙwarar hanyarta da dogayen gine-gine a kowane gefe suna haifar da "kwarin birni", wanda ke kama hayaƙin dizal mai nauyi daga bas ɗinta da tasi (an iyakance shiga motoci masu zaman kansu tun 1972). A 2014, an gano tana da mafi girman yawan gurɓataccen iskar nitrogen dioxide a duniya. A wannan shekarar, laifuka sun yi muni sosai har Ƙasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta gargaɗi 'yan ƙasarta da su guji yankin don kare lafiyarsu. Tun daga lokacin, titin ta zama sananne ga ƙananan kasuwancin da ke karya doka, tare da manyan hare-hare da ke kama kayan jabu da vape ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wannan shekaru goma sun ga haɓakar shagunan alewa na Amurka masu ban mamaki da shagunan tunawa marasa kowa waɗanda ake zargin suna bunƙasa kan gujewa haraji. Covid da sayayya ta yanar gizo sun bugi titin Oxford sosai: adadin guraren da babu kowa ya tashi daga 4.5% a 2019 zuwa 16.9% a farkon 2023, kuma galibi waɗannan kasuwancin ne suka cika guraren. Hotunan Google Street View na yanzu na gaban shagunanta, waɗanda aka ɗauka shekaru biyu da suka wuce, sun riga sun yi kama da katin waya daga baya. Kasancewar titin Oxford tana fama yana cutar da sunan London gaba ɗaya. A cikin kalmomin jaridu, wannan ita ce "babbar hanyar ƙasa," gida ga manyan rassan manyan shagunan sashe tare da manyan alamun kasuwanci na duniya. Gambin Khan shi ne cewa mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa zai iya juya abin da ya yarda a 2024 ya kasance "koma baya da aka sarrafa" kuma ya sake cika titin da rayuwa. A cikin ofisoshin East, kusa da London Fields, Julian Lewis da Archie Bashford sun zauna a kusa da wani samfurin kwali mai tsawon ƙafa 4 na titin Oxford, suna magana cikin sha'awa game da ginshiƙan shinge. Lewis da ƙungiyarsa gine-ginen filin jama'a ne, waɗanda ba su sadaukar da kansu ga gine-gine ba amma ga duniyar da ke bayansu: alamomi, kujerun zama, wuraren zama, gefen titi, shimfida, haske, tukwane, bishiyoyi da fasahar jama'a. East sun gudanar da kusan ayyukan sake fasalin manyan hanyoyi 30 cikin shekaru talatin, amma wannan shi ne babban. Abu na farko da ƙungiyar Lewis ta yi bayan an ba su kwangilar a bara shi ne tsoma baki cikin rumbun adana bayanai. Mafarin shine wata kasida da ba a san ta ba a 1932 a cikin Good Housekeeping ta Virginia Woolf. Ga Woolf, titin Oxford ta bayyana a matsayin "babban ɗigon da ke birgima … gadon dutse na kogi … wanda wani rafi mai haske ke wankewa." Ta gan ta a matsayin mai ƙawa, amma kuma mai walƙiya, mai ban sha'awa da mamayewa, wanda motsin jama'arta marasa tsari ya bayyana. (Kasidarta kuma tana nuna yadda titin ta kasance mai ban mamaki tun da daɗewa – a 1932, da alama tana cike da masu sayar da kunkuru masu rai.) Waɗannan halayen kogi ne suka zama mafarin dubban shawarwarin kayan aiki, ƙananan ƙira da East ke yi. "Wasan haske a kan saman, haske mai hankali na benci ko ginshiƙi" duk na iya taimakawa wajen fitar da waɗannan halaye, in ji Bashford da ya gaya mini. Duba hoto a cikakken allo Kasuwancin titi a wajen Selfridges. Hoto: Jill Mead/The Guardian Mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa da ke faruwa mako mai zuwa zai rufe mil 0.6, wanda zai miƙa zuwa yamma daga kusa da mashigar Oxford Circus zuwa Selfridges. (Sadiq Khan ya bayyana ƙudurinsa na a ƙarshe mayar da dukan mil 1.2 na titin ta masu tafiya a ƙasa.) Mafi bayyanannen sauyi shi ne yadda take ƙara zama kore. Shirin gine-ginen shi ne yin gwaji da shigar da ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin tukwane, tare da sabbin wuraren zama. Za su yi amfani da lokacin gwaji – wanda zai kasance daga mako mai zuwa har zuwa bazara 2027 – don koyon yadda mutane ke amsa ga bishiyoyin. Za su zama wuraren haɗuwa? Wuraren hutu? Alamomin neman hanya? A mafi kyau za su ba da hutu, in ji Lewis, "mafaka daga kwararar mutane, wanda shine kwatancin kogi kuma – wataƙila hakan yana da kyakkyawan fata, amma sanya ɗan kwanciyar hankali." Za a yi wa gefuna yankin masu tafiya a ƙasa alama da ginshiƙan shinge. Lewis yana da ra'ayi mai ƙarfi kan wannan batu kuma yana magana game da ginshiƙan shinge kamar su mutane ne. "Ginshiƙan shinge gabaɗaya abubuwa ne masu ban tsoro," in ji shi. Sau da yawa suna kama da "neman gafara," in ji shi. "Wani ɗigon haske na robobi mara daidaito [a kan ginshiƙin shinge] yana aika saƙo: 'Yi haƙuri, da gaske ban yi niyyar kasancewa a nan ba, amma ina buƙatar sanar da ku cewa akwai wasu motoci a kusa.' A maimakon haka, ya kamata su kasance suna cewa: 'Ina farin cikin kasancewa a nan, domin ina yin aiki.'" Yawan la'akari da yawa suna shiga cikin ƙirar nau'in ginshiƙin shinge da ya dace, ciki har da tsaro, kulawa, kyawun gani, samun dama, yanayi, zirga-zirgar ƙafa, kwararar jama'a da alfaharin birni. Ginshiƙan shingen titin Oxford dole ne su kasance da tazara daidai mita 1.2, saboda dalilan HVM – rage barazanar ababen hawa – amma kuma suna buƙatar zama masu taimako kuma su yi amfani da "harshen da ake da shi na titin". Za a yi su da baƙin ƙarfe mai laushi, domin ya fi ƙarfin jurewa fiye da baƙin ƙarfe da aka narke: yana da juriya, kuma ba ya tsage idan ka buge shi. Hakanan ba su da haske, domin ginshiƙan shinge masu walƙiya suna da kyalli sosai kuma suna rage kyawun yanayi. "Suna da matuƙar sophistication," in ji Lewis, kuma yana nufin hakan. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan burin aikin shi ne haɗa titin Oxford da maƙwabtanta sosai. An kewaye ta da yankuna huɗu masu bambancin ainihi: Soho, Fitzrovia, Mayfair da Marylebone. "Akwai wannan haɗin da ba shi da ƙarfi ga titin Oxford kanta, kamar: ina titin Oxford? Zai iya zama ba a can ba, dangane da dangantaka da waɗannan cibiyoyi masu ban mamaki," in ji Lewis. "Mutane suna son zuwa Soho. Suna son zuwa Marylebone. Mutane suna zaune a Fitzrovia. Titin Oxford ba ta da wuri tukuna, wuri ne marar sarari, wanda abin mamaki ne ganin yadda ta shahara." A nan ne gine-ginen shimfidar wuri da ƙira suka shigo. Sunan da gine-ginen ke amfani da shi akai-akai shi ne "gayyata" – ta yaya za ka ƙarfafa mutane su yi abin da ba a zata ba, kuma su daɗe a cikin sabon wurin da aka mayar da masu tafiya a ƙasa, kuma su yi motsi cikin 'yanci a ciki da waje? Muhallin da aka gina dole ne ya gayyace su yin hakan. Ɗaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da ƙungiyar Lewis ke son bincikawa shi ne cin abinci na waje na jama'a – ba teburi na waje na gidajen abinci ba, domin da ƙyar akwai su a titin Oxford, amma teburi irin na nahiyar Turai don zama da cin duk abin da kake so; abincin da aka saya a Soho, ko abincin da ka shirya a gida. "Tunanin zama a can da sanwici a kan bencin fikinik, kusa da shago da za ka iya sayan jakar hannu ta Prada, wani irin sabani ne mai ban mamaki," in ji Lewis da murmushi. "Kuma hakan ma na London ne sosai." Don fahimtar inda tunanin mayar da titin Oxford ta masu tafiya a ƙasa ya fito, kana buƙatar sanin aikin wani mai tsara birane ɗan Denmark mai suna Jan Gehl. A 2003, lokacin da Ken Livingstone yake magajin garin London, an nemi Gehl ya shafe watanni 18 yana binciken kurakuran yanayin titunan London, kuma a watan Yuni 2004 ya fitar da rahoto mai shafuka 120 mai taken Towards a Fine City for People. Gehl yana tunanin akwai babban aiki da za a yi. "London tana zuwa bayan Moscow kawai wajen raini da masu tsara birane ke nunawa masu tafiya a ƙasa," in ji shi a wannan shekarar. "Ba za ka taɓa ganin yara a titunan London ba – me kuka yi da su duka?" Amsar ita ce an ƙara rufe su a cikin gida: ana kai su ko'ina cikin motoci ko kuma ba a amince da su su yi wasa a waje ba – idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin tsararrun ƴan London, da kuma yawancin sauran yara a Turai. Gehl yana so ya mayar da babban birnin zuwa ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi dacewa da tafiya a ƙasa a duniya nan da 2015. Amma da zaɓen magajin gari na 2004 ya gudana a wannan watan, an shafeɓɓakaɓɓen gefuna na rahoton ƙarshe da City Hall ta Livingstone ta wallafa. Cikakkun shawarwarin Gehl an tsare su cikin "takardar sirri", wadda aka rarraba wa masu yanke shawara na babban birnin amma ba a taɓa wallafa ta ba. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta ba da shawarar mayar da titin Oxford gaba ɗaya ta masu tafiya a ƙasa. An ɗauki shekaru 22 kafin wannan mafarki ya tabbata. "Ina ganin wasu alamun ingantawa a London," in ji Gehl kwanan nan a wata hira ta bidiyo daga gidansa a Copenhagen, "amma don Allah, saurin da yawan canjin ba su da ban sha'awa." Duba hoto a cikakken allo Julian Lewis da Archie Bashford na gine-ginen East. Hoto: Jill Mead/The Guardian Gehl, wanda yake shekara 90, ya daɗe yana neman mayar da birane wuraren da ke ba mutanen da ke zaune a ciki fifiko. Takensa shi ne "birni a matakin ido, kuma a 5km/h" – saurin tafiya. Life Between Buildings, littafinsa na farko, daga 1971, ƙalubale ne ga koyarwar da ta tsara tsarin birane bayan yaƙi. Maimakon yin hukunci kan birni da farko ta gine-ginensa, hanyoyinsa ko ingancin tsarinsa, Gehl ya nemi masu tsara birane su mai da hankali ga abin da mutane ke yi a zahiri a cikin jama'a: inda suke tafiya, inda suke tsayawa, ko suna haɗuwa, suna magana, ko suna zama don kallon duniya tana wucewa. Waɗannan dabi'u yanzu a ƙarshe suna tsakiyar yawancin tsarin birane – kuma ba haɗari ba ne cewa ƙungiyarsa, Gehl Studio, City Hall ta naɗa ta don ba East shawara kan sauyin titin Oxford. Ga Gehl, majalisun birane a duniya ya kamata su duba Australia. Sydney, Perth, Melbourne da Adelaide sun matsa sosai zuwa mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa da manyan motocin jirgin ƙasa – sun fi takwarorinsu na Biritaniya "ƙwazo, ƙarfin hali da sauri wajen yanke shawara". A Sydney, in ji Gehl, saurin sauyin makamancin titin Oxford, titin George, yana inganta yanayi a cikin birnin da ke kewaye. Tare da tsufar yawan jama'a, "ƙarshen zamanin sayayya" ga birane, da buƙatar rage amfani da albarkatun mai, ra'ayoyinsa da suka taɓa zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna ƙara zama hankali na gama gari. "Idan na waiwaya baya ga aikina na sana'a, ya kasance babban gwagwarmaya don kwato wuraren jama'a daga motoci, waɗanda a shekarun 1960 suka cika dukan tituna da dukan dandali – sun cika kowane wuri mai yiwuwa. Mun shafe shekaru da yawa muna sake cin nasarar birane ga 'yan ƙasarsu."
Abin da muka sani da titin Oxford, wadda ta kasance hanya tsawon kusan shekaru dubu biyu, ta kasance fagen wasan al'ummar da ke canzawa a kewaye da ita. A baya ana kiranta Tyburn Road, kuma tsawon ƙarni shida ta kasance hanyar jerin gwano zuwa sanannen Bishiyar Tyburn, wurin rataya a inda yanzu Marble Arch yake. Taron jama'a masu cunkoso suna yin layi a kan hanyar a ranakun rataya, wanda ya kasance wani irin wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a daban da wanda zaman sayar da taga ya bayar.
Juyin ci gaban unguwannin West End ya kawo wuraren dawakai, rumbuna, wuraren yanka da masana'antar giya, katangar tsaro, mashaya marasa ƙididdigewa da gidajen kwana, kuma a ƙarshe manyan shagunan sashe, gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da wuraren kiɗa. Titin Oxford ta daɗe tana zama cibiyar ba kawai kasuwanci ba, har ma da al'adu da rayuwar zamantakewa. Howard Carter ya ba da laccarsa ta farko ta jama'a game da gano kabarin Tutankhamun a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na New Oxford a 1923, kuma shahararrun wasannin punk a tarihi – tare da Sex Pistols, the Clash, Buzzcocks da sauransu – sun faru a 100 Club (wanda har yanzu yana gudana, har yanzu yana da daɗin ƙazanta) a 1976. Dogon jerin mashaya da titin Oxford ta rasa – the Hog in the Pound, the Jolly Trooper, the Man Loaded with Mischief – a yau ya bar mai tsira ɗaya kawai, the Flying Horse. Da ƙarfe 6 na yamma a ranar Talata a ƙarshen Satumba, yanayi a cikin na ƙarshe ya kasance mai taushi da daɗin zama abin mamaki; katakon itace mai duhu da kayan Victorian suna ba da mafaka mai kwantar da hankali daga hargitsin lokacin tafi-da-gida a waje.
An yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don dawo da rayuwar zamantakewa zuwa titin Oxford: gyare-gyare ga mashigai, iyakance zirga-zirga da titunan ƙafa, kuma, galibi don karɓar ƙarin sayayya, daga 2005 zuwa 2012, wata rana ɗaya marar zirga-zirga kafin Kirsimeti da ake kira Very Important Pedestrians Day.
Abu ɗaya da kowa ya yarda da shi shi ne cewa babban sauyi ya daɗe ana jira. A lokacin da Khan ya maye gurbin Boris Johnson a matsayin magajin gari a 2016, London ta riga ta koma baya ga biranen kamar Paris, Barcelona da Berlin wajen ababen more rayuwa ga masu hawan keke da masu tafiya a ƙasa, da matakan rage yawan motoci. Sannan, manyan firgita na annobar, da masu zaɓe da ke ƙara zaɓar hagu (da ƙarin Green), sun ba Khan dama da wa'adin da zai bi diddigin abin da ya wuce.
Akwai manyan sauye-sauye biyu na tsari da ke mamaye manyan biranen yammacin Turai waɗanda kuma suka tsara ikon Khan na ƙarshe yin wannan. Na farko shi ne cewa mota ba ta zama sarki a cikin birni na zamani ba. Na biyu shi ne an kawar da sayayya. Ko da yake titin Oxford ta kasance kogi da ke ɗimuƙe da fiye da manyan shaguna 20, yawan kashe kuɗi ba shine kawai abin la'akari ba. A zamanin isar da kaya a rana ɗaya, cibiyoyin cika buƙatu na wajen gari, da kasuwannin sayar da kaya na biyu tsakanin mutane kamar Vinted, me ya kamata ya maye gurbin sayayya a tsakiyar birni na zamani?
Tsallake haɓakar wasiƙar labarai
Wasiƙar labarai kyauta | Mako-mako
Yi rajista ga The Long Read
Ka ɓata cikin babban labari: daga siyasa zuwa ilimin halin ɗan adam zuwa abinci zuwa fasaha, daga al'ada zuwa laifuka. Shigar da imel ɗinka. Yi rajista bayan haɓakar wasiƙar labarai. A wannan makon, na yi tafiya a titin Oxford tare da Nabeel Khan, Shugaban Hukumar Ci Gaban Titin Oxford (OSDC). Ƙwaƙwalwar tunaninsa na farko game da titin Oxford ita ce zuwa HMV don sayan CD ɗinsa na farko: Me Against the World na 2Pac. A yau, shi ne mutumin da ke da alhakin tabbatar da mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa.
A tafiyarmu, alamun farko na canji sun bayyana: an ajiye ginshiƙan siminti na sabbin ginshiƙan shinge, kuma an cire matattun ciyayi daga tsoffin tukwane na katako—"waɗanda aka tsara su sosai," a ganin Khan. A wajen babban shagon alamar takalman Amurka Vans na Biritaniya, wanda ke ɗaukar kansa ba kawai a matsayin shagon kayan wasan skateboard ba amma a matsayin "wuri don bayyana kanka" da "cibiyar al'adu," Khan ya yi magana da ƙwazo game da abin da ake kira tattalin arzikin gogewa.
A cikin tsakiyar biranen bayan Covid, akwai "wannan sha'awar, musamman tsakanin matasa, ga haɗin ɗan adam," in ji shi, yana nuni ta cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙofofin shagon Vans, inda aka shirya cikakken kayan ganga, guitar da amps, suna fuskantar titi. "Lokacin da za ka iya sayan kusan duk abin da kake so, menene abu ɗaya da ba za ka iya saya ba? Wannan kusanci ga wani da samun wannan gogewar ɗan adam."
Ganin cewa kowa ya yarda titin Oxford tana buƙatar gyara, me ya sa wannan ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo haka? "West End ba ta da mai shi ɗaya," in ji Khan. "Akwai hukumomin gida biyu, hukumar sufuri, hukumar dabaru, gundumomin inganta kasuwanci biyar, ɗaruruwan kasuwancin da wasu manyan masu mallakar filaye." Maestro ɗin da ke ƙoƙarin jagorantar wannan ƙungiyar makaɗa marar tsari yanzu ita ce OSDC, wadda magajin garin ya ƙirƙira. Yayin da nake rubuta wannan labarin, na lura OSDC tana neman riƙe da ƙarfe a kan ɗaukar labarai. Wataƙila hakan saboda siyasar gida da ke kewaye da titin Oxford ta daɗe ana fafatawa da ita sosai.
A zahiri, damuwa kan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a titin Oxford kusan tana da shekaru ɗaya da magajin garin London. A 1971, lokacin da Sadiq Khan yake jariri, yawan masu tafiya a ƙasa da ke kwarara daga cunkoson titunan ƙafa zuwa hanya kuma motoci suna buge su ya kai ga kafa Kwamitin Aiki na Titin Oxford. A wata zanga-zanga da ke kira a hana motoci, an kama mutane 22. Majalisar Greater London ta gabatar da haramcin farko na motoci masu zaman kansu (tsakanin 7am da 7pm) a shekara mai zuwa, wanda ya nuna farkon shekaru 50 na iyakance zirga-zirga a hankali.
Duba hoto a cikakken allo. Wata mace tana ɗauke da sayayya da aka saya daga Ikea. Hoto: Jill Mead/The Guardian. Cikakken mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa ya fuskanci shekaru da yawa na adawa da cikas, musamman daga majalisar Westminster da Conservative ke jagoranta—wanda ya ci gaba lokacin da Labour ta karɓe ta daga 2022 zuwa 2026—amma kuma daga direbobin tasi, ƙungiyoyin samun dama ga nakasassu, mazauna gida, ƙananan yan kasuwa da ƙungiyoyin unguwanni kamar Soho Society da Mayfair Forum. Ƙarshen suna damuwa cewa shirye-shiryen karkatar da bas, manyan motocin isar da kaya da tasi zuwa wuraren kiyayewa masu shiru da ke kewaye da titin zai "lalata" waɗannan wuraren, kamar yadda Tim Lord na Soho Society ya ce. Masu fafutukar samun dama da Ƙungiyar Direbobin Tasi Masu Lasisi suna jayayya cewa mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa zai haifar da hamadar sufuri ga tsofaffi da baƙi nakasassu. (A cikin wata sanarwa, OSDC ta yarda cewa tafiye-tafiye zuwa titin Oxford za su canza ga wasu, amma ta ce samun dama ya kasance a "zuciyar" tsarin tsarawa. Tashoshin bas, in ji ta, ba za su wuce kusan mita 200 daga yankin masu tafiya a ƙasa ba; ta ƙara da cewa an tsara kayan titin tare da shawarar ƙungiyoyin nakasassu na ƙwararru.)
Magabatan Khan sun yi ƙoƙari, kuma sun kasa, canza titin Oxford. A matsayinsa na magajin gari, Boris Johnson ya kira mayar da titi ta masu tafiya a ƙasa "tambayar Schleswig-Holstein ta zirga-zirgar London," yana nuni ga gardamar tsarin mulkin Jamus ta ƙarni na 19 mai rikitarwa, domin "kowa a zahiri zai so ya yi [hakan]" har sai sun duba "ainihin tasirin tattalin arziki." Amma nan da 2016, an kai matakin da ya wuce—dukan manyan 'yan takarar magajin gari a wannan shekarar sun ba da shawarar mayar da ita ta masu tafiya a ƙasa bisa manufa, kuma lokacin da Khan ya yi nasara, ya yi alkawarin kammalawa nan da 2020. Na ɗan lokaci, City Hall, Transport for London (TfL
