A matsayina na ɗalibin sakandare a shekarar 1994, na shiga zanga-zangar adawa da wani garambawul da zai ba wa ma’aikatan Faransa damar biyan matasa ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin albashi. Yaƙin neman zaɓenmu ya yi nasara, amma da mun fuskanci irin mummunar martanin ’yan sanda da aka yi wa masu zanga-zangar ɗalibai a Faransa a makonnin nan, da na zauna a gida. Wani yaro ɗan shekara 14, Eden, ya samu karyewar muƙamuƙi kuma an fitar da haƙoransa bayan wani gurneti mai haƙori na ’yan sanda ya same shi a fuska. Maël ɗan shekara 16 ya rasa gani a ido ɗaya, bisa zargin bayan an buge shi da harbi daga LBD, wani nau’in na’urar harba harsasai na roba. Evan, ɗan shekara 15, an busa masa hannu a wani fashewa da ya shafi gurnetin daɗaɗawa na ’yan sanda. Kuma a Dunkirk, an yi zargin wata motar SUV ta ’yan sanda ta riƙa tuƙawa akai-akai ga ƙungiyoyin ɗaliban sakandare, yayin da aka ji wani jami’i yana cewa: “Ku matso, za mu farfasa fuskokinsu.” Bayanan yara da suka tsorata saboda mugun hali a hannun ’yan sanda sun bayyana abubuwan da suka faru masu raɗaɗi tare da mummunan sakamako na tunani da na jiki.
Faransa, wadda take ɗaukar kanta a matsayin gidan haƙƙin ɗan adam, yanzu tana jawo irin binciken shari’a na ƙasa da ƙasa da za ka yi tsammani idan wannan wata gwamnati mai mulkin kama-karya ce da ta haukace. Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta Ligue des droits de l’Homme ta yi Allah wadai da “mummunar da ake yi wa matasa” da kuma barazana ga ’yancin faɗin albarkacin bakinsu. Wani mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya yi kira ga hukumomin Faransa da su mutunta lafiyar jikin masu zanga-zangar. Ofishin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ce yana bin abubuwan da suka faru game da zanga-zangar a Faransa “da damuwa”. Amnesty International ta yi kira da a dakatar da na’urorin harba harsasai na roba a zanga-zangar makarantu, ta yi Allah wadai da amfani da ƙarfi fiye da kima kuma ta tunatar da hukumomi aikinsu na kare yara. Mai fafutukar sauyin yanayi ’yar Sweden Greta Thunberg, wadda fafutukarta ke ƙara haɗawa da gwagwarmaya da zalunci da tashin hankalin gwamnati, ta yi tafiya zuwa Faransa a wannan makon don tallafa wa ɗaliban makaranta.
Sau da yawa ana jayayya cewa Faransa ta lalace, kuma matsanancin basussuka na sa buƙatar ɗalibai na zuba jarin Yuro biliyan 10 don inganta yanayin karatunsu ya zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba. Amma ko da a cikin mawuyacin halinmu na kuɗi, kashe kuɗin jama’a zaɓi ne na siyasa: don rage bashi za ka iya rage kashe kuɗin jama’a ko kuma ka ƙara kuɗin shiga. Masana tattalin arziki Élise Huillery da Romane Paris sun fito da wata shawara mai inganci ta zuba ƙarin Yuro biliyan 11.8 a shekara a ilimi, wanda za a samar da kuɗinsa ta hanyar garambawul na haraji da ke fuskantar manyan gado, wanda zai tara Yuro biliyan 12.7 a shekarar 2026 kuma zai ƙara haraji ne kawai ga mafi arziƙin kashi 1% na magada. Wannan zai samar da kuɗi don ƙara albashin malamai, inganta tallafi ga ɗalibai, tallafin karatu da gidaje, da faɗaɗa wuraren jami’a.
Amma muhawara game da kashe kuɗin jama’a ba ta warware korafe-korafen da suka dace na ɗalibai, malamai da iyaye ba, waɗanda ba sabbi ba ne. Haka kuma ba ta ba da hujjar mayar da martani na mugun doka da oda ba. Yanayin koyo a wasu makarantun da suka fi fama da talauci yana taɓarɓarewa zuwa matakan ban tsoro na dogon lokaci. Na nuna yanayin makarantu a Faransa a cikin Guardian shekaru uku da suka wuce, ina jayayya a lokacin cewa tsarin ilimin gwamnati yana cikin mafi rashin daidaito a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Rashin albarkatun da aka ware ga abubuwa na asali kamar guraben koyarwa ya kasance a bayyane tsawon shekaru, inda a wasu gundumomi ake barin ayyuka ba a cika su ba har tsawon watanni. An yi asarar fiye da sa’o’in koyarwa miliyan 20 a makarantun sakandare na gwamnati a 2024-25, wanda ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya cikin goma na darussa. Fiye da miliyan 15 daga cikin waɗannan sa’o’in an yi asararsu ne saboda ba a samar da malaman maye gurbi ba. Makarantu a yankunan ilimi na fifiko da aka keɓe, waɗanda ke hidima ga al’ummomin da suka fi fama da talauci, sun fi shafa, a cewar Ofishin Binciken Ƙasa na Faransa. A Seine-Saint-Denis, yanki mafi talauci a babban yankin Faransa, biyu bisa uku a cikin 2023, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na guraben likitocin makaranta ba kowa ne. Tun a 2022, hukumar ilimi ta Créteil ta ba da rahoton ƙarancin ma’aikatan jinya na makaranta 60 da ma’aikatan zamantakewa 20, inda kashi 90% na guraben da ba a cika su ba suna cikin Seine-Saint-Denis. A 2025, an rubuta kashe kai 49 a tsakanin ma’aikatan tsarin ilimi na ƙasa. Ko da yake ba za a iya danganta waɗannan mutuwar duka da aiki ba, yana da wuya a yi tunanin mummunar tabarbarewar yanayin aiki a fannin.
Sannan akwai makarantun da suka rushe a zahiri: ruwan da ba shi da lafiya a sha saboda gurɓacewar ƙwayoyin cuta, ɗalibai suna ba da rahoton beraye da kyankyasai, bandakuna masu ƙazanta, kuma a wani yanayi, rijiyar najasa da ke malala idan an yi ruwa. Akwai katsewar wutar lantarki, kayan daki da suka ɓace, kuma wasu ajujuwa suna da rashin rufi sosai har yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da 14C a lokacin sanyi kuma ya kai 40C a lokacin zafi.
A Mayotte, inda zanga-zangar ta fara, wata makarantar sakandare da aka gina don ɗalibai 900 tana ɗaukar 2,300. Sannan zanga-zangar ta bazu zuwa babban yankin Faransa ta hanyar wata makaranta a Créteil da ta fara shekarar karatu da ƙarancin malamai 13 da sauran ma’aikata, da kuma mataimakin shugaban makaranta.
Wani batu kuma da ke cikin fusatar ɗalibai shi ne Parcoursup, tsarin da waɗanda suka kammala makaranta ke neman ilimi mafi girma. Ana ganinsa a matsayin nuna wariya, ya bar masu neman 126,000 – da yawa daga cikinsu daga yanayi marasa galihu – ba su da wuri a wannan shekara.
Maimakon magance wannan rikicin a matsayin zanga-zangar zamantakewa da ta dace bisa buƙatu na halal, gwamnati ta yi amfani da wata koyarwa da aka bayyana a cikin Jagorar Ayyukanta na Tashin Hankali a Birane. Ta ɗauki ɗaliban makaranta a matsayin abokan gaba na ciki da za a kawar da su. Wannan yana kafa martani na tilastawa, ba tare da la’akari da yiwuwar warware rikicin ta hanyar matakai masu ma’ana ba.
Ya zuwa 8 ga Oktoba, an tsare mutane 6,877 a hannun ’yan sanda, kusan 80% daga cikinsu yara ne. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba kaɗai, ’yan sanda sun kama 1,949, wanda ya zarce mafi girman adadin da aka taɓa rubutawa a rana ɗaya tun 1961, in ji masanin tarihi Éric Anceau. A cewar Syndicat de la magistrature, ƙungiyar alkalan Faransa mai ra’ayin hagu, adadin yana nuna tabbataccen aniyar murƙushe ƙungiyar. Tura ’yan sandan ya yi yawa har malamai da iyaye sun tilasta yin sarƙoƙin ɗan adam don kare yara.
Ayyukan ’yan sanda kuma suna motsawa ne ta hanyar mayar da hankali kan kamawa, wanda ke ƙarfafa faɗa mai ƙarfi kuma yana rura wutar tashin hankali. Wannan kuma yana jawo ƙarin mutane cikin tarzoma. Kusan jami’an ’yan sanda 700 da wasu malamai sun ji rauni tun farkon tashin hankalin.
Masanin zamantakewa Olivier Fillieule ya nuna cewa aikin ’yan sanda a zanga-zanga yana buƙatar kimanta haɗari. Idan saurin wargaza wani shingen hanya yana jefa matasa cikin mummunan rauni, dole ne a yi la’akari da wasu hanyoyi. A yarda da ɗan rashin tsari na ɗan lokaci yayin da sa baki nan take ke iya haifar da ƙari ya kamata ya kasance jagorar ka’ida ta aikin ’yan sanda a zanga-zanga, in ji Fillieule, yana mai lura cewa hukumomin Faransa sun san yadda ake yin kamewa idan manoma suka yi shingen hanya.
Duk da haka yayin da ’yan sanda suka buɗe bincike na cikin gida kan zarge-zargen tashin hankalin jami’ai 36, ministan cikin gida Laurent Nuñez ya ce ya ba wa rundunonin “babu umarni na yin kamewa”. Wannan hanya ce abin kunya kuma mai raini ga bayyanar da rashin yarda na matasa mai lafiya. Irin wannan tashin hankali ga ’yan ƙasa ba shi da wuri a cikin dimokuradiyya.
Rokhaya Diallo ’yar jaridar Faransa ce, mai shirya fina-finai, mai fafutuka kuma marubuciyar shafi a Guardian Turai
Kana da ra’ayi kan batutuwan da aka tada a wannan labarin? Idan kana son aika amsa har zuwa kalmomi 300 ta imel don a yi la’akari da ita don bugawa a sashen wasiƙunmu, don Allah danna nan.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Ga jerin tambayoyin da ake yawan yi dangane da labarin French schoolchildren have been treated like enemies to be crushed for telling the truth na Rokhaya Diallo
1 Menene labarin ya kunsa
Ya kunsa wani ɗalibin makarantar tsakiya na Faransa da ’yan sanda suka yi masa tambayoyi bayan ya zargi wani malami da wariyar launin fata Marubuciyar tana jayayya cewa tsarin makarantar ya ɗauki yaron kamar mai laifi saboda ya yi magana
2 Wanene ya rubuta labarin
Rokhaya Diallo ’yar jaridar Faransa ce kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da wariyar launin fata
3 Menene ainihin abin da ɗalibin ya yi
Ya ba da rahoton cewa wani malami ya yi kalaman wariyar launin fata a aji Maimakon makarantar ta binciki malamin an yi wa ɗalibin tambayoyi da ’yan sanda
4 Me ya sa aka yi wa yaro tambayoyi da ’yan sanda
Malaman ya shigar da ƙara kan ɓata suna Dokar Faransa ta ba da izinin haka kuma ’yan sanda na iya yi wa ƙananan yara tambayoyi a irin waɗannan lokuta
5 Menene ɓata suna a sauƙaƙe
Yana nufin faɗin wani abu na ƙarya da ke lalata sunan wani A Faransa yana iya zama laifi na aikata laifi
6 Me marubuciyar ke nufi da abokan gaba da za a murƙushe
Tana nufin makarantar da hukumomi sun mayar da martani da ƙiyayya da ƙarfi ga ɗalibin maimakon su saurare ta kuma su kare ta
7 Shin wannan lamari ne keɓe
Marubuciyar ta ce a’a yana nuna wani tsari mafi girma a Faransa inda ɗalibai da ke ba da rahoton wariyar launin fata ke fuskantar tsayin daka rashin yarda ko hukunci
8 Menene batun sekularizim da aka ambata
Faransa tana da tsauraran sekularizim Marubuciyar tana jayayya cewa wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don rufe tattaunawa kan wariyar launin fata da addini maimakon kare tsaka-tsaki
9 Me ya sa wannan matsala ce ga ɗalibai
Idan yara suka koya cewa ba da rahoton wariyar launin fata yana kaiwa ga tambayoyin ’yan sanda za su iya yin shiru Wannan yana kare masu cin zarafi kuma yana cutar da waɗanda abin ya shafa
10 Menene amfanin ɗaukar rahotannin ɗalibai da muhimmanci
Ɗalibai suna jin lafiya suna amincewa da makarantar kuma suna koyon cewa adalci yana da muhimmanci Makarantu na iya magance matsaloli na gaske da wuri maimakon ɓoye su
11 Menene matsalolin gama gari wajen gudanar da waɗannan rahotanni
Manya suna watsi da ikirarin yara suna zargin wanda abin ya shafa bincike a hankali da amfani da barazanar shari’a don rufe bakin ɗalibai
12 Waɗanne shawarwari masu amfani ne labarin ya ba da
A saurari ɗalibai da farko a binciki malamai da adalci a shigar da masu shiga tsakani kuma a guji ɗaukar yara a matsayin masu laifi saboda yin magana
